Abramis brama

Bream

Maximum lifespan

23 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,607 bp

RefSeq NC_020356.1

GC content

43.04%

Whole genome

Non-coding

993 bp

D-loop 931 bp

Where Bream sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Bream has the 725th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other ray-finned fishes
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,607 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.227
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.059

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 23 years
Adult weight: 3.3 kg
Female sexual maturity: 5.5 years
Male sexual maturity: 5 years

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 03910)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: Updated in build 2
In the database since: build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,607 bp

Protein-coding11,403 bp

12S rRNA959 bp

16S rRNA1,691 bp

All tRNA1,561 bp

D-loop931 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Abramis brama genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	27.4%	27.6%	16.0%	29.0%	45.03%	−0.289	−0.004
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,045 bp	29.9%	25.9%	14.1%	30.1%	44.21%	−0.364	+0.070
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	26.6%	30.4%	18.0%	25.0%	42.94%	−0.162	−0.067
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	29.7%	28.9%	16.6%	24.7%	41.39%	−0.196	+0.012
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	165 bp	36.4%	21.8%	11.5%	30.3%	41.82%	−0.449	+0.250
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	29.7%	29.8%	13.7%	26.8%	40.50%	−0.321	−0.002
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	26.4%	28.8%	17.6%	27.2%	44.77%	−0.214	−0.044
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	28.1%	31.5%	14.0%	26.4%	40.40%	−0.305	−0.058
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.3%	27.3%	16.2%	30.3%	46.47%	−0.304	−0.019
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,382 bp	29.1%	28.1%	14.7%	28.1%	42.76%	−0.313	+0.016
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	30.9%	27.2%	13.4%	28.5%	41.94%	−0.361	+0.064
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	40.0%	15.3%	12.5%	32.2%	44.64%	−0.442	+0.446
CYTBCytochrome b	1,141 bp	28.8%	29.4%	14.4%	27.3%	41.72%	−0.311	−0.011
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	959 bp	30.6%	20.2%	23.0%	26.2%	49.22%	−0.064	+0.203
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,691 bp	34.9%	21.6%	21.0%	22.5%	43.53%	−0.035	+0.236
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	931 bp	32.2%	33.2%	14.1%	20.5%	34.59%	−0.186	−0.015

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,805 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.0%

UUU106

UUC123

Leu L16.3%

UUA122

UUG19

CUU130

CUC94

CUA222

CUG35

Ile I7.3%

AUU198

AUC78

Met M4.8%

AUA129

AUG52

Val V6.4%

GUU61

GUC47

GUA103

GUG32

Ser S6.2%

UCU47

UCC52

UCA72

UCG10

AGU11

AGC45

Pro P5.6%

CCU50

CCC54

CCA102

CCG8

Thr T7.9%

ACU52

ACC99

ACA131

ACG18

Ala A8.9%

GCU58

GCC140

GCA124

GCG18

Tyr Y3.0%

UAU56

UAC57

His H2.7%

CAU27

CAC76

Gln Q2.6%

CAA87

CAG12

Asn N3.0%

AAU47

AAC69

Lys K2.0%

AAA69

AAG8

Asp D2.0%

GAU27

GAC48

Glu E2.7%

GAA86

GAG16

Cys C0.7%

UGU14

UGC12

Trp W3.2%

UGA108

UGG12

Arg R2.0%

CGU10

CGC11

CGA44

CGG12

Gly G6.5%

GGU34

GGC59

GGA117

GGG38

Stop 0.2%

UAA6

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_020356.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (43.0%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Abramis brama (NC_020356.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,028	959 bp	+	49.2%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,029	1,100	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,101	2,791	1,691 bp	+	43.5%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,792	2,867	76 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,869	3,843	975 bp	+	45.0%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,848	3,919	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,918	3,988	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,990	4,058	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,059	5,103	1,045 bp	+	44.2%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,104	5,174	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,176	5,244	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,246	5,318	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,351	5,417	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,419	5,489	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,491	7,041	1,551 bp	+	42.9%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,042	7,112	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,116	7,189	74 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,203	7,893	691 bp	+	41.4%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,894	7,969	76 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,971	8,135	165 bp	+	41.8%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,129	8,812	684 bp	+	40.5%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,812	9,595	784 bp	+	44.8%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,596	9,667	72 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,668	10,016	349 bp	+	40.4%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	10,017	10,085	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,086	10,382	297 bp	+	46.5%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,376	11,757	1,382 bp	+	42.8%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,758	11,826	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,827	11,895	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,897	11,969	73 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,970	13,805	1,836 bp	+	41.9%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,802	14,323	522 bp	−	44.6%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,324	14,392	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,395	15,535	1,141 bp	+	41.7%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,536	15,607	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,607	15,676	70 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,677	16,607	931 bp	–	34.6%