Compare

Mitochondrial DNA, compared

Base composition, strand skew, length and codon usage of every region of the mitochondrial genome across 2,335 species, and how classes, orders and families differ.

Group

2,335

species

42.5%

mean GC, whole genome

SD 4.3, range 14.1–51.4%

16,659

median genome length, bp

Range 12,946–48,161 bp

classes

Regions

GC content of each region across all species, % of A + C + G + T

Parameter

Chart

GC % of every region
Region
Whole genome	2,335	42.54%	4.26	0.100	14.10%Bombus terrestris	43.51%	51.41%Trachinocephalus myops	0.07	0.001
Protein-coding	2,335	43.07%	4.38	0.102	15.96%Bombus terrestris	43.88%	52.02%Centrolabrus exoletus	0.07	0.001
All rRNA	2,334	43.15%	4.75	0.110	14.88%Bombus terrestris	44.91%	52.11%Agapornis pullarius	0.07	9.5 × 10⁻⁴
All tRNA	2,335	41.09%	4.48	0.109	12.35%Bombus terrestris	42.07%	52.41%Trachinocephalus myops	−0.05	0.02
12S rRNA	2,333	45.12%	4.92	0.109	14.57%Bombus terrestris	46.97%	56.00%Dryobates minor	0.07	3.2 × 10⁻⁴
16S rRNA	2,332	41.98%	4.78	0.114	15.04%Bombus terrestris	43.43%	51.58%Agapornis pullarius	0.06	0.003
D-loop	1,976	38.13%	7.82	0.205	0.00%Tragulus napu	38.30%	100.00%Ara militaris	0.15	4.7 × 10⁻¹²
ND1	2,334	43.80%	4.61	0.105	15.66%Bombus terrestris	44.48%	54.87%Trachinocephalus myops	0.06	0.003
ND2	2,334	42.37%	5.79	0.137	11.96%Bombus terrestris	43.13%	55.31%Centrolabrus exoletus	−0.03	0.15
COX1	2,335	43.78%	3.61	0.082	23.33%Bombus terrestris	44.23%	51.77%Neosalanx taihuensis	0.09	1.9 × 10⁻⁵
COX2	2,335	42.19%	3.91	0.093	18.85%Bombus terrestris	42.69%	52.05%Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus	0.07	4.7 × 10⁻⁴
ATP8	2,315	38.91%	6.40	0.165	8.67%Bombus terrestris	39.88%	54.76%Parupeneus heptacantha	0.02	0.29
ATP6	2,335	42.23%	4.59	0.109	15.27%Apis mellifera	42.75%	52.49%Mergus merganser	0.08	7.5 × 10⁻⁵
COX3	2,335	45.13%	3.68	0.082	17.05%Apis mellifera	45.61%	53.19%Thryothorus ludovicianus	0.08	7.0 × 10⁻⁵
ND3	2,335	43.36%	5.17	0.119	12.22%Bombus terrestris	43.84%	55.68%Centrolabrus exoletus	0.07	0.001
ND4L	2,335	43.82%	6.38	0.146	12.73%Bombus terrestris	45.45%	57.24%Diaphus theta	−0.00	0.96
ND4	2,335	42.57%	4.87	0.114	13.47%Apis mellifera	43.23%	53.22%Rhinogobius cliffordpopei	0.07	0.001
ND5	2,334	41.99%	4.53	0.108	13.96%Bombus terrestris	42.77%	52.50%Centrolabrus exoletus	0.10	1.5 × 10⁻⁶
ND6	2,333	43.02%	6.05	0.141	7.41%Bombus terrestris	44.44%	59.20%Trachinocephalus myops	0.02	0.23
CYTB	2,334	44.08%	3.92	0.089	18.37%Bombus terrestris	44.61%	53.28%Phaethon lepturus	0.13	1.4 × 10⁻⁹

Classes compared

GC content of the whole genome, % of A + C + G + T

Region

Parameter

Chart

Classes compared

ActinopterygiiRay-finned fishes	895	45.27%	2.12	0.047	36.82%Conger myriaster	45.47%	51.41%Trachinocephalus myops	0.02	0.48
MammaliaMammals	627	39.52%	2.21	0.056	30.90%Hemiechinus auritus	39.47%	48.24%Macroderma gigas	0.48	7.5 × 10⁻³⁷
AvesBirds	423	45.64%	1.49	0.033	41.30%Gallinago gallinago	45.60%	49.66%Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus	0.05	0.32
ReptiliaReptiles	136	40.61%	2.50	0.062	35.81%Kinosternon leucostomum	40.18%	48.07%Gonatodes albogularis	0.05	0.55
ChondrichthyesSharks and rays	87	38.94%	2.20	0.056	33.65%Bathyraja maculata	38.97%	43.23%Isurus oxyrinchus	−0.02	0.88
AmphibiaAmphibians	47	38.16%	3.50	0.092	31.62%Dermophis mexicanus	37.92%	44.01%Pipa pipa	0.03	0.82
BivalviaBivalves	35	36.41%	4.32	0.119	28.27%Geukensia demissa	36.25%	44.92%Cryolaternula elliptica	−0.29	0.09
MalacostracaCrustaceans	30	31.32%	2.33	0.074	25.92%Cancer pagurus	31.30%	37.37%Panulirus argus	0.08	0.68
CephalopodaCephalopoda	11	28.41%	3.85	0.136	22.81%Amphioctopus fangsiao	27.85%	35.60%Ommastrephes bartramii	0.01	0.98
CephalaspidomorphiLampreys	10	37.87%	0.58	0.015	37.05%Ichthyomyzon unicuspis	37.86%	38.63%Lethenteron appendix	0.00	1
GastropodaGastropoda	9	35.19%	2.48	0.070	33.06%Littorina saxatilis	34.27%	39.68%Haliotis rufescens	0.68	0.04
InsectaInsects	4	17.38%	3.76	0.216	14.10%Bombus terrestris	16.46%	22.52%Ceratitis capitata	–	–
SarcopterygiiLobe-finned fishes	4	40.93%	2.51	0.061	37.23%Lepidosiren paradoxa	41.83%	42.82%Neoceratodus forsteri	–	–
EchinoideaSea urchins	4	40.94%	0.24	0.006	40.59%Mesocentrotus franciscanus	41.04%	41.11%Heliocidaris crassispina	–	–
PolychaetaPolychaeta	4	35.12%	1.71	0.049	32.85%Terebellides stroemii	35.31%	37.00%Nereis pelagica	–	–

Codon usage

Share of each codon in all 13 protein-coding genes, across all species

Gene

Loading codon usage…

Every species, region by region

Each region's page lists the value of every species, with the same statistics by class, order or family and a CSV download.

Whole genome Protein-coding All rRNA All tRNA 12S rRNA 16S rRNA D-loop ND1 ND2 COX1 COX2 ATP8 ATP6 COX3 ND3 ND4L ND4 ND5 ND6 CYTB

Plot GC content against GC skew All data downloads

The charts

Each chart draws the rows of the table under it, in the table's order: sort a column to reorder the chart.Chart sets its axis.
Distribution: the range (line), mean ± SD (bar), median (tick) and mean (dot). Lengths of the regions are on a log scale.
Variation: the coefficient of variation, or the SD for the skews, which vary around zero.
Lifespan r: r with its 95% confidence interval (Fisher z). Lifespan map: r of every parameter in every region at once, bold where the Benjamini–Hochberg q-value over the map is below 0.05.

What the numbers are

Species: species with the region annotated. SD is the sample standard deviation, CV = SD / mean.
Base percentages are over A + C + G + T, so GC % + AT % = 100. Skews are on the L strand as deposited in RefSeq: GC skew = (G − C) / (G + C), AT skew = (A − T) / (A + T).
Min and Max name the species with the extreme value.

Lifespan columns

r is the Pearson correlation of the parameter with log₁₀ maximum lifespan within the group (5 or more species), and p its two-tailed p-value, as on the original MitoAge. They are not corrected for multiple testing or for shared ancestry: the plot shows Benjamini–Hochberg q-values and phylogenetic contrasts.

The original site labelled the base columns with their complements, so its skews have the opposite sign. Seemethods.