Haliotis rufescens
Red abalone
GC content
39.68%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,391 bp
Including the D-loop
Where Red abalone sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Red abalone has the 143rd longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- All other species
Base composition
Whole genome16,646 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.307
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.173
About this record
- Lifespan source
- SeaLifeBase v26.06
- Based on
- an estimate, not an observed animal
- Data quality
- low
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,646 bp
Protein-coding11,253 bp
12S rRNA1,009 bp
16S rRNA1,488 bp
All tRNA1,505 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 945 bp | 41.06% | −0.330 | +0.361 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,095 bp | 39.45% | −0.343 | −0.047 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,542 bp | 43.32% | −0.198 | −0.011 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 696 bp | 41.81% | −0.182 | +0.077 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 165 bp | 38.18% | −0.365 | −0.020 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 696 bp | 39.66% | −0.384 | +0.005 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 780 bp | 47.31% | −0.171 | −0.085 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 354 bp | 41.53% | −0.252 | −0.053 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 300 bp | 35.67% | −0.514 | +0.358 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,293 bp | 38.67% | −0.404 | +0.405 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,740 bp | 38.45% | −0.351 | +0.376 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 507 bp | 40.04% | −0.399 | +0.487 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,140 bp | 38.86% | −0.178 | +0.334 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 1,009 bp | 39.54% | −0.253 | +0.098 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,488 bp | 36.49% | −0.333 | +0.134 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,751 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Invertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 5).
Phe F8.4%
UUU215
UUC100
Leu L15.6%
UUA166
UUG121
CUU87
CUC53
CUA121
CUG38
Ile I6.7%
AUU169
AUC81
Met M4.6%
AUA76
AUG95
Val V8.3%
GUU119
GUC41
GUA90
GUG61
Ser S9.7%
UCU114
UCC42
UCA55
UCG13
AGU44
AGC20
AGA37
AGG40
Pro P4.0%
CCU50
CCC20
CCA51
CCG29
Thr T4.7%
ACU59
ACC40
ACA66
ACG10
Ala A6.5%
GCU85
GCC71
GCA67
GCG21
Tyr Y3.5%
UAU77
UAC54
His H2.1%
CAU41
CAC39
Gln Q2.0%
CAA42
CAG32
Asn N3.2%
AAU72
AAC47
Lys K2.2%
AAA45
AAG37
Asp D2.0%
GAU36
GAC39
Glu E2.4%
GAA51
GAG39
Cys C1.5%
UGU41
UGC17
Trp W2.9%
UGA61
UGG48
Arg R1.7%
CGU20
CGC9
CGA22
CGG14
Gly G7.7%
GGU65
GGC35
GGA73
GGG115
Stop 0.3%
UAA8
UAG5
Genome map
37 annotated features in NC_036928.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (39.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 37 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 1 | 1,542 | 1,542 bp | + | 43.3% |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 1,581 | 2,276 | 696 bp | + | 41.8% |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 2,360 | 2,524 | 165 bp | + | 38.2% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 2,580 | 3,275 | 696 bp | + | 39.7% |
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 3,319 | 3,386 | 68 bp | − | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 3,401 | 5,140 | 1,740 bp | − | 38.5% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 5,141 | 5,206 | 66 bp | − | – |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 5,249 | 6,541 | 1,293 bp | − | 38.7% |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 6,637 | 6,936 | 300 bp | − | 35.7% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 6,961 | 7,030 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser | Transfer RNA | 7,057 | 7,123 | 67 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 7,136 | 8,275 | 1,140 bp | − | 38.9% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,312 | 8,818 | 507 bp | − | 40.0% |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 8,819 | 8,885 | 67 bp | − | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 8,903 | 9,847 | 945 bp | − | 41.1% |
| tRNA-Leu | Transfer RNA | 9,849 | 9,916 | 68 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Leu | Transfer RNA | 10,006 | 10,073 | 68 bp | − | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 10,074 | 11,561 | 1,488 bp | − | 36.5% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 11,579 | 11,644 | 66 bp | − | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 11,658 | 12,666 | 1,009 bp | − | 39.5% |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 12,706 | 12,775 | 70 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 12,779 | 12,846 | 68 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 12,855 | 12,924 | 70 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 12,928 | 13,000 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 13,011 | 13,080 | 70 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 13,083 | 13,150 | 68 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 13,155 | 13,221 | 67 bp | − | – |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 13,857 | 14,636 | 780 bp | + | 47.3% |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 14,669 | 14,740 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 14,744 | 14,806 | 63 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 14,807 | 14,875 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 14,876 | 14,942 | 67 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 14,950 | 15,019 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 15,022 | 15,375 | 354 bp | + | 41.5% |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 15,389 | 15,459 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser | Transfer RNA | 15,463 | 15,529 | 67 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 15,533 | 16,627 | 1,095 bp | + | 39.5% |