Apis mellifera
Honey bee
GC content
15.14%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,639 bp
Including the D-loop
Where Honey bee sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Honey bee has the 1,716th longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- All other species
Base composition
Whole genome16,343 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.269
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.018
About this record
- Lifespan source
- AnAge build 15
- Based on
- an observed animal, origin not stated
- Data quality
- acceptable, medium sample
- Licence
- Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
- Status
- Updated in build 2
- In the database since
- build 1 (2015-07-01)
- Last changed
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,343 bp
Protein-coding11,043 bp
12S rRNA786 bp
16S rRNA1,371 bp
All tRNA1,507 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 918 bp | 16.99% | −0.359 | +0.184 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,002 bp | 13.47% | −0.304 | −0.091 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,561 bp | 24.15% | −0.093 | −0.086 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 678 bp | 19.47% | −0.167 | −0.029 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 159 bp | 10.69% | −0.412 | +0.042 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 681 bp | 15.27% | −0.269 | −0.099 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 780 bp | 17.05% | −0.188 | −0.113 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 354 bp | 13.56% | −0.375 | −0.105 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 264 bp | 14.02% | −0.676 | +0.233 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,344 bp | 13.47% | −0.337 | +0.161 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,665 bp | 14.35% | −0.297 | +0.115 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 504 bp | 13.10% | −0.545 | −0.014 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,152 bp | 19.36% | −0.148 | −0.087 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 786 bp | 18.58% | −0.370 | −0.028 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,371 bp | 15.39% | −0.374 | +0.043 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,687 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Invertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 5).
Phe F10.3%
UUU354
UUC26
Leu L15.4%
UUA472
UUG24
CUU35
CUC1
CUA36
CUG0
Ile I13.6%
AUU476
AUC24
Met M9.1%
AUA312
AUG22
Val V3.3%
GUU67
GUC1
GUA53
GUG0
Ser S9.1%
UCU53
UCC11
UCA166
UCG1
AGU18
AGC2
AGA81
AGG2
Pro P2.8%
CCU36
CCC3
CCA64
CCG0
Thr T3.6%
ACU53
ACC5
ACA72
ACG1
Ala A1.5%
GCU20
GCC1
GCA36
GCG0
Tyr Y5.9%
UAU209
UAC10
His H1.6%
CAU57
CAC3
Gln Q1.1%
CAA39
CAG2
Asn N6.8%
AAU238
AAC11
Lys K4.3%
AAA152
AAG8
Asp D1.5%
GAU52
GAC5
Glu E2.1%
GAA74
GAG5
Cys C0.7%
UGU25
UGC0
Trp W2.3%
UGA78
UGG5
Arg R1.1%
CGU9
CGC0
CGA29
CGG1
Gly G3.7%
GGU47
GGC0
GGA85
GGG3
Stop 0.3%
UAA12
UAG0
Genome map
37 annotated features in NC_001566.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (15.1%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 37 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 1 | 66 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 116 | 178 | 63 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 221 | 286 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 296 | 358 | 63 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 360 | 429 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 433 | 501 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 502 | 1,503 | 1,002 bp | + | 13.5% |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 1,503 | 1,571 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 1,592 | 1,659 | 68 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 1,722 | 1,793 | 72 bp | + | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 1,794 | 3,354 | 1,561 bp | + | 24.2% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 3,355 | 3,424 | 70 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 3,618 | 4,295 | 678 bp | + | 19.5% |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 4,294 | 4,362 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 4,370 | 4,438 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 4,444 | 4,602 | 159 bp | + | 10.7% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 4,584 | 5,264 | 681 bp | + | 15.3% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 5,285 | 6,064 | 780 bp | + | 17.1% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 6,119 | 6,184 | 66 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 6,185 | 6,538 | 354 bp | + | 13.6% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 6,572 | 6,638 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 6,734 | 6,802 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 6,810 | 6,878 | 69 bp | − | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 6,892 | 8,556 | 1,665 bp | − | 14.4% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 8,557 | 8,624 | 68 bp | − | – |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 8,644 | 9,987 | 1,344 bp | − | 13.5% |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 9,991 | 10,254 | 264 bp | − | 14.0% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 10,267 | 10,344 | 78 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 10,365 | 10,432 | 68 bp | − | – |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 10,441 | 10,944 | 504 bp | + | 13.1% |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 11,004 | 12,155 | 1,152 bp | + | 19.4% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 12,201 | 12,267 | 67 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 12,302 | 13,219 | 918 bp | − | 17.0% |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 13,220 | 13,290 | 71 bp | − | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 13,291 | 14,661 | 1,371 bp | − | 15.4% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 14,662 | 14,731 | 70 bp | − | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 14,732 | 15,517 | 786 bp | − | 18.6% |