Arenaria melanocephala

Black Turnstone

Maximum lifespan

9 yr

USGS longevity records

mtDNA size

16,725 bp

RefSeq NC_088445.1

GC content

44.89%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,239 bp

D-loop 1,172 bp

Where Black Turnstone sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Black Turnstone has the 1,679th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,725 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.372
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.107

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 9 years

Lifespan from USGS Bird Banding Laboratory · USGS longevity records

About this record

Lifespan source: NABBP Longevity Records v2025.1
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable
Licence: U.S. Government work
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Provisional: the EURING list could not be retrieved, so the USGS record is used.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,725 bp

Protein-coding11,376 bp

12S rRNA970 bp

16S rRNA1,595 bp

All tRNA1,560 bp

D-loop1,172 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Arenaria melanocephala genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	27.2%	28.0%	13.4%	31.4%	44.79%	−0.402	−0.015
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,039 bp	31.3%	25.8%	10.9%	32.1%	42.93%	−0.493	+0.096
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	27.0%	26.2%	16.4%	30.4%	46.81%	−0.298	+0.016
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	29.8%	24.9%	15.2%	30.1%	45.32%	−0.329	+0.091
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	31.5%	26.2%	7.1%	35.1%	42.26%	−0.662	+0.093
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	26.8%	27.0%	10.1%	36.1%	46.20%	−0.563	−0.005
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.2%	25.9%	15.7%	30.2%	45.92%	−0.317	+0.042
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	29.1%	25.4%	12.5%	33.0%	45.58%	−0.450	+0.068
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	25.9%	27.9%	14.8%	31.3%	46.13%	−0.358	−0.038
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,378 bp	30.7%	24.2%	10.7%	34.4%	45.07%	−0.527	+0.118
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,815 bp	32.2%	23.8%	11.3%	32.7%	44.02%	−0.484	+0.150
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	42.5%	12.5%	8.8%	36.2%	45.02%	−0.609	+0.547
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	28.6%	24.7%	12.8%	33.9%	46.72%	−0.453	+0.074
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	970 bp	30.9%	21.5%	20.3%	27.2%	47.53%	−0.145	+0.179
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,595 bp	34.1%	22.4%	18.4%	25.1%	43.45%	−0.154	+0.206
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,172 bp	29.5%	26.9%	13.8%	29.8%	43.60%	−0.366	+0.047

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.8%

UUU56

UUC163

Leu L17.4%

UUA88

UUG24

CUU67

CUC145

CUA299

CUG37

Ile I7.6%

AUU102

AUC185

Met M4.7%

AUA137

AUG40

Val V4.6%

GUU38

GUC52

GUA62

GUG23

Ser S7.4%

UCU39

UCC80

UCA97

UCG8

AGU12

AGC45

Pro P5.8%

CCU33

CCC77

CCA104

CCG5

Thr T9.1%

ACU74

ACC151

ACA117

ACG4

Ala A8.0%

GCU66

GCC133

GCA94

GCG10

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU38

UAC82

His H2.7%

CAU30

CAC74

Gln Q2.4%

CAA80

CAG12

Asn N3.4%

AAU20

AAC110

Lys K2.3%

AAA80

AAG6

Asp D1.6%

GAU13

GAC49

Glu E2.4%

GAA81

GAG12

Cys C0.8%

UGU13

UGC17

Trp W2.8%

UGA94

UGG13

Arg R1.9%

CGU6

CGC24

CGA39

CGG2

Gly G5.9%

GGU45

GGC57

GGA90

GGG33

Stop 0.3%

UAA6

UAG1

AGA1

AGG2

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_088445.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (44.9%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Arenaria melanocephala (NC_088445.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
D-loop	Control region	1	1,172	1,172 bp	–	43.6%
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1,173	1,243	71 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,244	2,213	970 bp	+	47.5%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	2,214	2,284	71 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	2,285	3,879	1,595 bp	+	43.5%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	3,880	3,953	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	3,970	4,947	978 bp	+	44.8%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	4,948	5,017	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	5,026	5,096	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	5,096	5,164	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	5,165	6,203	1,039 bp	+	42.9%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	6,204	6,276	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	6,278	6,346	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	6,350	6,422	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	6,425	6,491	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	6,491	6,561	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	6,563	8,113	1,551 bp	+	46.8%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	8,099	8,178	80 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	8,181	8,249	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	8,251	8,934	684 bp	+	45.3%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	8,936	9,006	71 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	9,008	9,175	168 bp	+	42.3%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	9,166	9,849	684 bp	+	46.2%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	9,849	10,632	784 bp	+	45.9%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	10,633	10,701	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	10,702	11,053	352 bp	+	45.6%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	11,058	11,127	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	11,128	11,424	297 bp	+	46.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	11,418	12,795	1,378 bp	+	45.1%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	12,796	12,864	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	12,866	12,930	65 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	12,931	13,001	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	13,002	14,816	1,815 bp	+	44.0%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,830	15,972	1,143 bp	+	46.7%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,974	16,050	77 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	16,051	16,120	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	16,129	16,650	522 bp	−	45.0%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	16,654	16,725	72 bp	−	–