Carassius auratus
Goldfish
GC content
42.56%
Whole genome
Non-coding
986 bp
D-loop 921 bp
Where Goldfish sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Goldfish has the 237th longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other ray-finned fishes
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,578 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.242
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.095
About this record
- Lifespan source
- AnAge build 15
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable, medium sample
- Licence
- Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
- Status
- Unchanged since build 1
- In the database since
- build 1 (2015-07-01)
- The RefSeq record cited by build 1 now belongs to another species at NCBI.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,578 bp
Protein-coding11,396 bp
12S rRNA954 bp
16S rRNA1,681 bp
All tRNA1,566 bp
D-loop921 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 44.51% | −0.295 | +0.050 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,047 bp | 46.13% | −0.375 | +0.188 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,551 bp | 43.07% | −0.210 | −0.026 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 40.52% | −0.214 | +0.075 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 165 bp | 37.58% | −0.355 | +0.126 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 684 bp | 38.60% | −0.288 | +0.024 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 786 bp | 44.53% | −0.291 | +0.032 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 351 bp | 41.03% | −0.292 | −0.063 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 46.13% | −0.299 | −0.088 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 40.84% | −0.340 | +0.072 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,824 bp | 40.30% | −0.339 | +0.078 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 45.79% | −0.381 | +0.491 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,141 bp | 42.24% | −0.315 | −0.008 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 954 bp | 48.43% | −0.095 | +0.240 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,681 bp | 43.55% | −0.057 | +0.281 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 921 bp | 33.99% | −0.220 | +0.003 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,804 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.0%
UUU111
UUC117
Leu L16.5%
UUA120
UUG15
CUU99
CUC83
CUA260
CUG49
Ile I7.5%
AUU185
AUC100
Met M4.6%
AUA122
AUG54
Val V6.0%
GUU60
GUC29
GUA116
GUG22
Ser S6.2%
UCU34
UCC60
UCA82
UCG9
AGU14
AGC37
Pro P5.5%
CCU29
CCC56
CCA121
CCG4
Thr T8.1%
ACU50
ACC92
ACA150
ACG16
Ala A8.8%
GCU68
GCC134
GCA123
GCG9
Tyr Y3.0%
UAU60
UAC55
His H2.7%
CAU28
CAC76
Gln Q2.7%
CAA93
CAG8
Asn N3.2%
AAU48
AAC72
Lys K2.0%
AAA63
AAG14
Asp D2.0%
GAU16
GAC60
Glu E2.7%
GAA87
GAG14
Cys C0.7%
UGU6
UGC19
Trp W3.2%
UGA113
UGG7
Arg R2.0%
CGU10
CGC10
CGA47
CGG9
Gly G6.5%
GGU30
GGC49
GGA138
GGG32
Stop 0.3%
UAA6
UAG4
AGA0
AGG0
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_002079.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (42.6%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-loop | Control region | 1 | 921 | 921 bp | – | 34.0% |
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 922 | 990 | 69 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 991 | 1,944 | 954 bp | + | 48.4% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,945 | 2,016 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 2,017 | 3,697 | 1,681 bp | + | 43.6% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 3,698 | 3,775 | 78 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 3,776 | 4,750 | 975 bp | + | 44.5% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 4,754 | 4,827 | 74 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 4,825 | 4,895 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 4,897 | 4,965 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,966 | 6,012 | 1,047 bp | + | 46.1% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 6,011 | 6,081 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 6,084 | 6,152 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 6,154 | 6,226 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 6,259 | 6,329 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 6,328 | 6,398 | 71 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 6,400 | 7,950 | 1,551 bp | + | 43.1% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,951 | 8,021 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 8,025 | 8,096 | 72 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 8,109 | 8,799 | 691 bp | + | 40.5% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 8,800 | 8,875 | 76 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 8,877 | 9,041 | 165 bp | + | 37.6% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 9,035 | 9,718 | 684 bp | + | 38.6% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,718 | 10,503 | 786 bp | + | 44.5% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 10,503 | 10,574 | 72 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 10,575 | 10,925 | 351 bp | + | 41.0% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 10,924 | 10,993 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,994 | 11,290 | 297 bp | + | 46.1% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 11,284 | 12,664 | 1,381 bp | + | 40.8% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 12,665 | 12,733 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 12,734 | 12,802 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 12,804 | 12,876 | 73 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 12,880 | 14,703 | 1,824 bp | + | 40.3% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 14,700 | 15,221 | 522 bp | − | 45.8% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 15,222 | 15,290 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 15,296 | 16,436 | 1,141 bp | + | 42.2% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 16,437 | 16,508 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 16,507 | 16,578 | 72 bp | − | – |