Epinephelus bleekeri

Duskytail grouper

Maximum lifespan

24 yr

FishBase record

mtDNA size

17,227 bp

RefSeq NC_022848.1

GC content

45.03%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,298 bp

D-loop 900 bp

Where Duskytail grouper sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Duskytail grouper has the 698th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other ray-finned fishes
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,227 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.276
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.042

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 24 years

Lifespan from FishBase · FishBase record

About this record

Lifespan source: FishBase v26.06
Based on: an observed animal, origin not stated
Data quality: acceptable
Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome17,227 bp

Protein-coding11,407 bp

12S rRNA955 bp

16S rRNA1,704 bp

All tRNA1,863 bp

D-loop900 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Epinephelus bleekeri genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	24.8%	27.4%	15.0%	32.8%	47.80%	−0.373	−0.049
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	28.7%	25.4%	11.4%	34.5%	45.89%	−0.504	+0.060
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	25.7%	30.8%	17.6%	25.9%	43.52%	−0.191	−0.089
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	27.8%	28.5%	16.6%	27.1%	43.71%	−0.238	−0.013
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	28.6%	23.8%	11.9%	35.7%	47.62%	−0.500	+0.091
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	26.9%	29.7%	12.9%	30.6%	43.42%	−0.407	−0.049
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	785 bp	25.4%	28.9%	16.8%	28.9%	45.73%	−0.265	−0.066
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	22.9%	31.5%	15.2%	30.4%	45.56%	−0.333	−0.158
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	23.6%	29.0%	14.8%	32.7%	47.48%	−0.376	−0.103
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	27.2%	27.1%	13.9%	31.9%	45.76%	−0.392	+0.001
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,839 bp	27.4%	27.1%	14.2%	31.3%	45.51%	−0.374	+0.004
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	37.4%	13.8%	15.9%	33.0%	48.85%	−0.349	+0.461
CYTBCytochrome b	1,141 bp	25.3%	28.0%	14.7%	32.0%	46.71%	−0.370	−0.049
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	955 bp	29.7%	21.7%	22.1%	26.5%	48.59%	−0.091	+0.157
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,704 bp	33.2%	21.1%	20.5%	25.1%	45.66%	−0.100	+0.222
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	900 bp	34.6%	32.6%	14.0%	18.9%	32.89%	−0.149	+0.030

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,807 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%

UUU114

UUC126

Leu L17.4%

UUA86

UUG17

CUU145

CUC154

CUA211

CUG51

Ile I7.0%

AUU161

AUC106

Met M3.9%

AUA101

AUG46

Val V5.8%

GUU67

GUC50

GUA78

GUG24

Ser S6.4%

UCU50

UCC68

UCA63

UCG6

AGU9

AGC48

Pro P5.8%

CCU49

CCC105

CCA63

CCG5

Thr T7.8%

ACU46

ACC117

ACA122

ACG13

Ala A9.1%

GCU53

GCC168

GCA112

GCG14

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU58

UAC53

His H2.8%

CAU35

CAC73

Gln Q2.5%

CAA85

CAG9

Asn N3.1%

AAU42

AAC77

Lys K2.0%

AAA72

AAG6

Asp D2.0%

GAU23

GAC55

Glu E2.6%

GAA75

GAG23

Cys C0.8%

UGU14

UGC17

Trp W3.1%

UGA102

UGG16

Arg R2.1%

CGU13

CGC20

CGA39

CGG8

Gly G6.2%

GGU41

GGC76

GGA77

GGG43

Stop 0.2%

UAA6

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

42 annotated features in NC_022848.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA26
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.0%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 42 features as a table

Annotated features of Epinephelus bleekeri (NC_022848.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	70	70 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	71	1,025	955 bp	+	48.6%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,026	1,095	70 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,096	2,799	1,704 bp	+	45.7%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,800	2,875	76 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,876	3,850	975 bp	+	47.8%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,855	3,924	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,924	3,994	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,995	4,063	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,064	5,109	1,046 bp	+	45.9%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,110	5,180	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,182	5,250	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,251	5,323	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,367	5,434	68 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,435	5,505	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,507	7,057	1,551 bp	+	43.5%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,059	7,129	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,133	7,207	75 bp	+	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,290	7,363	74 bp	+	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,446	7,519	74 bp	+	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,602	7,675	74 bp	+	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,758	7,831	74 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,840	8,530	691 bp	+	43.7%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	8,531	8,604	74 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	8,606	8,773	168 bp	+	47.6%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,764	9,447	684 bp	+	43.4%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	9,447	10,231	785 bp	+	45.7%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	10,232	10,303	72 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	10,304	10,652	349 bp	+	45.6%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	10,653	10,721	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,722	11,018	297 bp	+	47.5%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	11,012	12,392	1,381 bp	+	45.8%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	12,393	12,462	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	12,463	12,532	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	12,540	12,612	73 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	12,613	14,451	1,839 bp	+	45.5%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,448	14,969	522 bp	−	48.9%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,970	15,043	74 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	15,045	16,185	1,141 bp	+	46.7%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	16,186	16,258	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	16,258	16,327	70 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	16,328	17,227	900 bp	–	32.9%