Epinephelus morio
Red grouper
GC content
42.90%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,135 bp
D-loop 1 bp
Where Red grouper sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Red grouper has the 645th longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other ray-finned fishes
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,756 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.262
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.014
About this record
- Lifespan source
- FishBase v26.06
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,756 bp
Protein-coding11,407 bp
12S rRNA953 bp
16S rRNA1,702 bp
All tRNA1,559 bp
D-loop1 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 46.36% | −0.403 | −0.006 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,046 bp | 45.12% | −0.487 | +0.070 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,551 bp | 42.68% | −0.142 | −0.116 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 40.81% | −0.184 | −0.012 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 168 bp | 45.83% | −0.481 | +0.011 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 684 bp | 41.08% | −0.374 | −0.057 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 785 bp | 44.71% | −0.254 | −0.078 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 349 bp | 45.85% | −0.363 | −0.164 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 47.81% | −0.394 | −0.084 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 43.45% | −0.347 | −0.040 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,839 bp | 41.87% | −0.374 | −0.020 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 44.44% | −0.353 | +0.421 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,141 bp | 43.82% | −0.332 | −0.101 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 953 bp | 47.95% | −0.098 | +0.165 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,702 bp | 45.77% | −0.099 | +0.229 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 1 bp | 0.00% | – | −1.000 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,807 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.3%
UUU116
UUC125
Leu L17.4%
UUA119
UUG14
CUU161
CUC121
CUA201
CUG46
Ile I7.2%
AUU182
AUC93
Met M4.0%
AUA109
AUG43
Val V5.7%
GUU69
GUC47
GUA85
GUG17
Ser S6.3%
UCU49
UCC70
UCA65
UCG6
AGU11
AGC40
Pro P5.8%
CCU74
CCC84
CCA54
CCG7
Thr T7.9%
ACU58
ACC101
ACA129
ACG11
Ala A9.0%
GCU72
GCC140
GCA118
GCG11
Tyr Y3.0%
UAU61
UAC53
His H2.8%
CAU35
CAC70
Gln Q2.5%
CAA78
CAG16
Asn N3.1%
AAU53
AAC65
Lys K2.0%
AAA73
AAG4
Asp D2.0%
GAU35
GAC40
Glu E2.7%
GAA83
GAG20
Cys C0.8%
UGU12
UGC18
Trp W3.1%
UGA106
UGG13
Arg R2.0%
CGU10
CGC19
CGA42
CGG6
Gly G6.3%
GGU43
GGC73
GGA84
GGG40
Stop 0.2%
UAA6
UAG1
AGA0
AGG0
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_087999.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (42.9%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 71 | 71 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 72 | 1,024 | 953 bp | + | 48.0% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,025 | 1,094 | 70 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,095 | 2,796 | 1,702 bp | + | 45.8% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 2,797 | 2,872 | 76 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 2,873 | 3,847 | 975 bp | + | 46.4% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 3,850 | 3,919 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 3,919 | 3,989 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 3,990 | 4,058 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,059 | 5,104 | 1,046 bp | + | 45.1% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,105 | 5,175 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,177 | 5,245 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,246 | 5,320 | 75 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,365 | 5,431 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,432 | 5,502 | 71 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,504 | 7,054 | 1,551 bp | + | 42.7% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,056 | 7,126 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,130 | 7,202 | 73 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,210 | 7,900 | 691 bp | + | 40.8% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 7,901 | 7,974 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 7,976 | 8,143 | 168 bp | + | 45.8% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,134 | 8,817 | 684 bp | + | 41.1% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 8,817 | 9,601 | 785 bp | + | 44.7% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,602 | 9,673 | 72 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,674 | 10,022 | 349 bp | + | 45.9% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 10,023 | 10,091 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,092 | 10,388 | 297 bp | + | 47.8% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,382 | 11,762 | 1,381 bp | + | 43.5% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 11,763 | 11,832 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 11,835 | 11,900 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 11,910 | 11,982 | 73 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 11,983 | 13,821 | 1,839 bp | + | 41.9% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 13,818 | 14,339 | 522 bp | − | 44.4% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 14,340 | 14,408 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 14,416 | 15,556 | 1,141 bp | + | 43.8% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 15,557 | 15,629 | 73 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 15,629 | 15,699 | 71 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,700 | 15,700 | 1 bp | – | 0.0% |