Escualosa thoracata
White sardine
GC content
49.74%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,146 bp
D-loop 1,086 bp
Where White sardine sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. White sardine has the 2,321st longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other ray-finned fishes
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,749 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.196
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- −0.019
About this record
- Lifespan source
- FishBase v26.06
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,749 bp
Protein-coding11,417 bp
12S rRNA962 bp
16S rRNA1,684 bp
All tRNA1,554 bp
D-loop1,086 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 53.85% | −0.238 | −0.218 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,047 bp | 53.77% | −0.336 | −0.021 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,560 bp | 48.97% | −0.141 | −0.088 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 45.88% | −0.174 | −0.027 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 168 bp | 46.43% | −0.308 | +0.133 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 684 bp | 50.59% | −0.306 | −0.160 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 786 bp | 52.16% | −0.220 | −0.106 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 351 bp | 50.43% | −0.198 | −0.230 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 55.22% | −0.317 | −0.143 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 51.34% | −0.241 | −0.128 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,836 bp | 49.73% | −0.266 | −0.062 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 50.58% | −0.235 | +0.357 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,141 bp | 50.66% | −0.228 | −0.130 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 962 bp | 49.38% | −0.044 | +0.150 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,684 bp | 49.70% | −0.068 | +0.183 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 1,086 bp | 41.16% | −0.190 | −0.005 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,812 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.3%
UUU72
UUC169
Leu L16.2%
UUA44
UUG35
CUU133
CUC170
CUA128
CUG109
Ile I6.8%
AUU131
AUC128
Met M4.1%
AUA43
AUG114
Val V6.6%
GUU80
GUC79
GUA54
GUG40
Ser S6.0%
UCU51
UCC59
UCA43
UCG26
AGU6
AGC42
Pro P5.8%
CCU53
CCC96
CCA48
CCG25
Thr T7.7%
ACU63
ACC131
ACA66
ACG34
Ala A9.9%
GCU70
GCC165
GCA103
GCG39
Tyr Y3.0%
UAU45
UAC68
His H2.7%
CAU25
CAC78
Gln Q2.6%
CAA65
CAG33
Asn N2.9%
AAU44
AAC66
Lys K2.0%
AAA43
AAG32
Asp D2.0%
GAU24
GAC51
Glu E2.6%
GAA48
GAG53
Cys C0.9%
UGU9
UGC24
Trp W3.1%
UGA77
UGG40
Arg R2.0%
CGU7
CGC14
CGA35
CGG21
Gly G6.6%
GGU18
GGC86
GGA65
GGG82
Stop 0.3%
UAA7
UAG2
AGA0
AGG1
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_016706.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (49.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 69 | 69 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 70 | 1,031 | 962 bp | + | 49.4% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,032 | 1,103 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,104 | 2,787 | 1,684 bp | + | 49.7% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 2,788 | 2,863 | 76 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 2,864 | 3,838 | 975 bp | + | 53.9% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 3,842 | 3,913 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 3,913 | 3,983 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 3,983 | 4,051 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,052 | 5,098 | 1,047 bp | + | 53.8% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,097 | 5,168 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,170 | 5,238 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,239 | 5,312 | 74 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,344 | 5,409 | 66 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,413 | 5,483 | 71 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,485 | 7,044 | 1,560 bp | + | 49.0% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,036 | 7,106 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,107 | 7,175 | 69 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,188 | 7,878 | 691 bp | + | 45.9% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 7,879 | 7,952 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 7,954 | 8,121 | 168 bp | + | 46.4% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,112 | 8,795 | 684 bp | + | 50.6% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 8,795 | 9,580 | 786 bp | + | 52.2% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,580 | 9,651 | 72 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,652 | 10,002 | 351 bp | + | 50.4% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 10,001 | 10,070 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,071 | 10,367 | 297 bp | + | 55.2% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,361 | 11,741 | 1,381 bp | + | 51.3% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 11,742 | 11,810 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 11,811 | 11,880 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 11,881 | 11,952 | 72 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 11,953 | 13,788 | 1,836 bp | + | 49.7% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 13,785 | 14,306 | 522 bp | − | 50.6% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 14,307 | 14,375 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 14,381 | 15,521 | 1,141 bp | + | 50.7% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 15,522 | 15,594 | 73 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 15,598 | 15,663 | 66 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,664 | 16,749 | 1,086 bp | – | 41.2% |