Eudyptula minor

Little penguin

Maximum lifespan

42.2 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

17,611 bp

RefSeq NC_004538.1

GC content

45.37%

Whole genome

Non-coding

2,117 bp

D-loop 2,040 bp

Where Little penguin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Little penguin has the 225th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,611 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.404
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.133

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 42.2 years
Adult weight: 1.1 kg
Female sexual maturity: 727 days
Gestation or incubation: 39 days

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 01669)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, large sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: Updated in build 2
In the database since: build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome17,611 bp

Protein-coding11,380 bp

12S rRNA975 bp

16S rRNA1,608 bp

All tRNA1,545 bp

D-loop2,040 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Eudyptula minor genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	27.3%	25.2%	13.1%	34.5%	47.55%	−0.449	+0.041
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,041 bp	33.3%	24.3%	8.5%	33.9%	42.36%	−0.601	+0.157
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	28.0%	24.8%	15.7%	31.5%	47.26%	−0.334	+0.061
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	31.3%	22.1%	14.0%	32.6%	46.64%	−0.398	+0.173
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	165 bp	36.4%	20.6%	4.2%	38.8%	43.03%	−0.803	+0.277
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.0%	23.1%	9.8%	37.1%	46.93%	−0.583	+0.129
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	29.1%	23.7%	14.0%	33.2%	47.19%	−0.405	+0.101
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	27.6%	24.8%	12.3%	35.3%	47.58%	−0.485	+0.054
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.9%	23.2%	13.5%	36.4%	49.83%	−0.459	+0.074
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,380 bp	30.9%	21.8%	10.0%	37.3%	47.32%	−0.577	+0.172
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,821 bp	32.1%	21.6%	10.7%	35.7%	46.35%	−0.540	+0.196
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	39.5%	12.5%	11.2%	36.8%	47.98%	−0.534	+0.519
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.6%	23.5%	12.0%	36.9%	48.91%	−0.510	+0.079
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	975 bp	31.4%	20.1%	20.0%	28.5%	48.51%	−0.175	+0.219
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,608 bp	33.8%	20.2%	18.5%	27.4%	45.96%	−0.194	+0.252
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	2,040 bp	31.1%	32.6%	13.2%	23.0%	36.28%	−0.270	−0.023

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,799 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.5%

UUU53

UUC155

Leu L17.6%

UUA71

UUG16

CUU58

CUC194

CUA303

CUG27

Ile I7.7%

AUU76

AUC217

Met M4.5%

AUA140

AUG31

Val V3.9%

GUU18

GUC46

GUA68

GUG17

Ser S7.5%

UCU27

UCC107

UCA86

UCG4

AGU10

AGC50

Pro P6.1%

CCU30

CCC86

CCA109

CCG6

Thr T10.0%

ACU50

ACC173

ACA153

ACG4

Ala A7.6%

GCU45

GCC144

GCA87

GCG12

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU25

UAC84

His H3.0%

CAU18

CAC97

Gln Q2.5%

CAA91

CAG4

Asn N3.4%

AAU14

AAC114

Lys K2.3%

AAA79

AAG8

Asp D1.6%

GAU16

GAC44

Glu E2.5%

GAA84

GAG11

Cys C0.7%

UGU6

UGC22

Trp W2.8%

UGA97

UGG11

Arg R1.8%

CGU5

CGC25

CGA37

CGG2

Gly G5.8%

GGU20

GGC84

GGA90

GGG26

Stop 0.3%

UAA7

UAG3

AGA0

AGG2

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_004538.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.4%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Eudyptula minor (NC_004538.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,044	975 bp	+	48.5%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,045	1,115	71 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,116	2,723	1,608 bp	+	46.0%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,724	2,797	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,803	3,780	978 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,779	3,851	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,861	3,931	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,931	4,000	70 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,009	5,049	1,041 bp	+	42.4%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,048	5,116	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,118	5,186	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,189	5,261	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,264	5,330	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,330	5,400	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,402	6,952	1,551 bp	+	47.3%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,944	7,019	76 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,024	7,092	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,095	7,778	684 bp	+	46.6%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,780	7,849	70 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,851	8,015	165 bp	+	43.0%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,006	8,689	684 bp	+	46.9%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,689	9,472	784 bp	+	47.2%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,473	9,541	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,542	9,893	352 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,898	9,966	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,968	10,264	297 bp	+	49.8%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,258	11,637	1,380 bp	+	47.3%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,637	11,706	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,707	11,772	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,772	11,842	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,843	13,663	1,821 bp	+	46.4%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,671	14,813	1,143 bp	+	48.9%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,817	14,886	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	14,896	14,965	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,979	15,497	519 bp	−	48.0%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	15,501	15,571	71 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,572	17,611	2,040 bp	–	36.3%