Geochelone elegans

Indian star tortoise

Maximum lifespan

24.3 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,446 bp

RefSeq NC_041096.1

GC content

41.27%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,023 bp

D-loop 955 bp

Where Indian star tortoise sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Indian star tortoise has the 673rd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other reptiles
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,446 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.362
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.172

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 24.3 years
Adult weight: 4.2 kg
Female sexual maturity: 10 years

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 03770)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in captivity
Data quality: acceptable, large sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,446 bp

Protein-coding11,312 bp

12S rRNA973 bp

16S rRNA1,600 bp

All tRNA1,547 bp

D-loop955 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Geochelone elegans genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	962 bp	31.1%	24.2%	13.1%	31.6%	44.70%	−0.414	+0.124
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,039 bp	36.6%	22.0%	8.7%	32.7%	41.39%	−0.581	+0.248
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,548 bp	29.8%	27.6%	16.5%	26.0%	42.51%	−0.225	+0.038
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	687 bp	34.1%	25.6%	14.1%	26.2%	40.32%	−0.300	+0.141
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	165 bp	40.6%	21.2%	6.1%	32.1%	38.18%	−0.683	+0.314
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	681 bp	34.1%	25.7%	9.5%	30.7%	40.24%	−0.526	+0.140
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	30.6%	25.5%	15.3%	28.6%	43.88%	−0.302	+0.091
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	31.8%	25.5%	11.2%	31.5%	42.69%	−0.477	+0.110
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	29.0%	29.3%	11.8%	30.0%	41.75%	−0.435	−0.006
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,378 bp	35.1%	23.3%	10.7%	30.9%	41.66%	−0.484	+0.201
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,776 bp	34.9%	23.0%	10.9%	31.3%	42.17%	−0.485	+0.205
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	525 bp	45.0%	12.6%	9.3%	33.1%	42.48%	−0.561	+0.563
CYTBCytochrome b	1,144 bp	30.9%	24.9%	12.1%	32.1%	44.14%	−0.453	+0.108
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	973 bp	37.5%	20.5%	16.9%	25.2%	42.04%	−0.198	+0.294
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,600 bp	39.3%	20.4%	16.9%	23.4%	40.31%	−0.160	+0.315
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	955 bp	33.0%	35.4%	12.4%	19.3%	31.62%	−0.219	−0.035

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,776 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.4%

UUU68

UUC135

Leu L16.0%

UUA89

UUG21

CUU66

CUC84

CUA313

CUG30

Ile I8.1%

AUU109

AUC195

Met M6.5%

AUA212

AUG34

Val V3.9%

GUU18

GUC34

GUA84

GUG13

Ser S7.5%

UCU36

UCC67

UCA126

UCG4

AGU10

AGC42

Pro P5.4%

CCU18

CCC35

CCA145

CCG6

Thr T9.1%

ACU47

ACC140

ACA151

ACG6

Ala A7.3%

GCU44

GCC120

GCA103

GCG9

Tyr Y3.1%

UAU42

UAC75

His H2.9%

CAU28

CAC83

Gln Q2.7%

CAA94

CAG8

Asn N3.8%

AAU21

AAC123

Lys K2.4%

AAA84

AAG5

Asp D1.7%

GAU18

GAC45

Glu E2.4%

GAA83

GAG8

Cys C0.9%

UGU16

UGC17

Trp W2.9%

UGA97

UGG14

Arg R1.9%

CGU6

CGC16

CGA48

CGG2

Gly G5.9%

GGU32

GGC60

GGA94

GGG36

Stop 0.2%

UAA5

UAG0

AGA1

AGG1

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_041096.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (41.3%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Geochelone elegans (NC_041096.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	8	78	71 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	79	1,051	973 bp	+	42.0%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,052	1,122	71 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,123	2,722	1,600 bp	+	40.3%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,723	2,798	76 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,800	3,761	962 bp	+	44.7%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,762	3,830	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,830	3,900	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,900	3,968	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	3,969	5,007	1,039 bp	+	41.4%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,008	5,080	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,082	5,150	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,152	5,225	74 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,250	5,316	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,317	5,387	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,389	6,936	1,548 bp	+	42.5%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,928	6,998	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	6,999	7,068	70 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,069	7,755	687 bp	+	40.3%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,759	7,831	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,833	7,997	165 bp	+	38.2%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	7,988	8,668	681 bp	+	40.2%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,668	9,451	784 bp	+	43.9%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,452	9,520	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,521	9,870	350 bp	+	42.7%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,871	9,940	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,941	10,237	297 bp	+	41.8%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,231	11,608	1,378 bp	+	41.7%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,609	11,678	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,679	11,744	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,751	11,823	73 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,836	13,611	1,776 bp	+	42.2%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,607	14,131	525 bp	−	42.5%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,132	14,197	66 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,204	15,347	1,144 bp	+	44.1%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,348	15,418	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,420	15,488	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,489	16,443	955 bp	–	31.6%