Homarus gammarus
European lobster
GC content
31.41%
Whole genome
Non-coding
729 bp
D-loop 517 bp
Where European lobster sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. European lobster has the 62nd longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- All other species
Base composition
Whole genome14,316 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- +0.105
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- −0.082
About this record
- Lifespan source
- SeaLifeBase v26.06
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome14,316 bp
Protein-coding10,179 bp
12S rRNA847 bp
16S rRNA1,338 bp
All tRNA1,245 bp
D-loop517 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 966 bp | 32.09% | +0.219 | −0.259 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,534 bp | 37.09% | −0.104 | −0.113 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 688 bp | 38.08% | −0.130 | −0.094 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 159 bp | 26.42% | −0.333 | −0.094 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 675 bp | 34.07% | −0.113 | −0.200 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 792 bp | 37.25% | −0.098 | −0.131 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 354 bp | 31.64% | −0.089 | −0.264 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 303 bp | 29.70% | +0.222 | −0.296 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,341 bp | 31.39% | +0.264 | −0.237 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,711 bp | 31.21% | +0.217 | −0.183 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 537 bp | 29.24% | +0.376 | +0.258 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,135 bp | 33.83% | +0.130 | +0.201 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 847 bp | 26.33% | +0.336 | +0.048 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,338 bp | 25.93% | +0.337 | +0.025 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 517 bp | 24.37% | +0.079 | −0.079 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,397 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Invertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 5).
Phe F8.7%
UUU226
UUC68
Leu L15.5%
UUA243
UUG68
CUU119
CUC28
CUA54
CUG15
Ile I7.5%
AUU218
AUC38
Met M5.2%
AUA146
AUG32
Val V7.5%
GUU123
GUC22
GUA80
GUG31
Ser S9.5%
UCU92
UCC24
UCA65
UCG8
AGU34
AGC10
AGA70
AGG19
Pro P3.8%
CCU66
CCC17
CCA41
CCG5
Thr T5.3%
ACU87
ACC16
ACA67
ACG11
Ala A6.9%
GCU123
GCC28
GCA75
GCG8
Tyr Y3.6%
UAU82
UAC41
His H2.2%
CAU50
CAC26
Gln Q2.0%
CAA55
CAG12
Asn N3.2%
AAU83
AAC26
Lys K2.3%
AAA67
AAG12
Asp D2.1%
GAU47
GAC26
Glu E2.2%
GAA56
GAG18
Cys C1.2%
UGU32
UGC8
Trp W2.6%
UGA67
UGG23
Arg R1.7%
CGU21
CGC6
CGA28
CGG4
Gly G6.5%
GGU68
GGC22
GGA83
GGG49
Stop 0.2%
UAA6
UAG2
Genome map
34 annotated features in NC_020020.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding12
- rRNA2
- tRNA19
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (31.4%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 34 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 1 | 1,534 | 1,534 bp | + | 37.1% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 1,535 | 1,599 | 65 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 1,600 | 2,287 | 688 bp | + | 38.1% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 2,288 | 2,356 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 2,356 | 2,410 | 55 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 2,421 | 2,579 | 159 bp | + | 26.4% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 2,573 | 3,247 | 675 bp | + | 34.1% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 3,247 | 4,038 | 792 bp | + | 37.3% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 4,041 | 4,105 | 65 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 4,106 | 4,459 | 354 bp | + | 31.6% |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 4,458 | 4,521 | 64 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 4,523 | 4,588 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 4,589 | 4,644 | 56 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 4,653 | 4,722 | 70 bp | + | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 4,738 | 5,254 | 517 bp | – | 24.4% |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 5,255 | 6,101 | 847 bp | + | 26.3% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 6,105 | 6,177 | 73 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 6,180 | 7,517 | 1,338 bp | + | 25.9% |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 7,515 | 7,580 | 66 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 7,604 | 8,569 | 966 bp | + | 32.1% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 8,591 | 8,660 | 70 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 8,661 | 9,795 | 1,135 bp | − | 33.8% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 9,795 | 10,331 | 537 bp | − | 29.2% |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 10,316 | 10,380 | 65 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 10,381 | 10,446 | 66 bp | − | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,449 | 10,751 | 303 bp | + | 29.7% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,745 | 12,085 | 1,341 bp | + | 31.4% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 12,085 | 12,149 | 65 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 12,168 | 13,878 | 1,711 bp | + | 31.2% |
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 13,879 | 13,944 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 13,986 | 14,051 | 66 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 14,089 | 14,155 | 67 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 14,185 | 14,251 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 14,252 | 14,316 | 65 bp | − | – |