MitoAge

Loxodonta africana

African bush elephant

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Maximum lifespan
65 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
16,866 bp
RefSeq NC_000934.1
GC content
38.75%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,516 bp
D-loop 1,449 bp

Where African bush elephant sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. African bush elephant has the 78th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %African bush elephant
  • This species
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Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,866 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.302
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.070

Life history

Maximum lifespan
65 years
Adult weight
4.8 t
Birth weight
105 kg
Body temperature
36.2 °C
Female sexual maturity
11 years
Male sexual maturity
10 years
Gestation or incubation
670 days
Litter or clutch size
1
Litters per year
0.2
Postnatal growth rate
0.0003 per day

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 02839)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in captivity
Data quality
acceptable, large sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Updated in build 2
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome16,866 bp
Protein-coding11,346 bp
12S rRNA960 bp
16S rRNA1,565 bp
All tRNA1,501 bp
D-loop1,449 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1957 bp31.0%29.4%12.0%27.6%39.60%−0.393+0.028
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,044 bp37.1%26.6%9.3%27.0%36.30%−0.488+0.164
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,548 bp27.5%33.8%16.4%22.4%38.76%−0.153−0.103
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II685 bp32.0%30.8%14.3%22.9%37.23%−0.231+0.019
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8201 bp31.8%33.3%13.9%20.9%34.83%−0.200−0.023
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6669 bp31.4%29.7%10.9%28.0%38.86%−0.438+0.027
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp27.7%31.9%14.3%26.1%40.43%−0.293−0.071
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3352 bp32.7%31.8%11.1%24.4%35.51%−0.376+0.013
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp30.0%32.3%10.8%26.9%37.71%−0.429−0.038
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,378 bp31.6%30.0%10.6%27.7%38.32%−0.447+0.026
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,821 bp33.7%28.0%10.8%27.5%38.33%−0.436+0.092
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6528 bp43.2%18.4%7.6%30.9%38.45%−0.606+0.403
CYTBCytochrome b1,137 bp31.0%28.3%12.0%28.7%40.72%−0.408+0.045
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA960 bp34.4%23.5%19.2%22.9%42.08%−0.089+0.187
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,565 bp37.2%25.6%17.1%20.1%37.19%−0.079+0.184
D-loopControl region (D-loop)1,449 bp30.3%27.3%16.1%26.3%42.37%−0.241+0.052

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,799 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.8%
UUU119
UUC100
Leu L16.3%
UUA114
UUG26
CUU100
CUC78
CUA272
CUG31
Ile I8.4%
AUU183
AUC135
Met M6.7%
AUA213
AUG43
Val V4.6%
GUU43
GUC36
GUA83
GUG14
Ser S7.3%
UCU66
UCC58
UCA94
UCG6
AGU28
AGC27
Pro P5.1%
CCU50
CCC43
CCA94
CCG8
Thr T8.9%
ACU95
ACC102
ACA133
ACG10
Ala A6.1%
GCU72
GCC75
GCA82
GCG2
Tyr Y3.8%
UAU73
UAC71
His H2.6%
CAU45
CAC55
Gln Q2.2%
CAA77
CAG7
Asn N4.1%
AAU68
AAC89
Lys K2.6%
AAA70
AAG28
Asp D1.7%
GAU33
GAC32
Glu E2.6%
GAA81
GAG17
Cys C0.6%
UGU10
UGC13
Trp W2.7%
UGA92
UGG11
Arg R1.8%
CGU8
CGC12
CGA45
CGG3
Gly G5.7%
GGU45
GGC54
GGA87
GGG29
Stop 0.2%
UAA4
UAG3
AGA1
AGG1

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_000934.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • D-loop1
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (38.8%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA17171 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA721,031960 bp+42.1%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA1,0331,09967 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA1,1012,6651,565 bp+37.2%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA2,6662,74075 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene2,7413,697957 bp+39.6%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA3,6963,76469 bp−–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA3,7623,83372 bp+–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA3,8363,90570 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene3,9064,9491,044 bp+36.3%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA4,9485,01467 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA5,0195,08668 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA5,0875,16074 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA5,1995,26365 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA5,2645,32764 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene5,3296,8761,548 bp+38.8%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA6,8726,94069 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA6,9507,01869 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene7,0197,703685 bp+37.2%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA7,7047,77168 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene7,7727,972201 bp+34.8%
ATP6Protein-coding gene7,9338,601669 bp+38.9%
COX3Protein-coding gene8,6019,384784 bp+40.4%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA9,3859,45369 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene9,4529,803352 bp+35.5%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA9,8029,86867 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene9,87010,166297 bp+37.7%
ND4Protein-coding gene10,16011,5371,378 bp+38.3%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA11,53811,60669 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA11,60711,66559 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA11,66611,73570 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene11,72713,5471,821 bp+38.3%
ND6Protein-coding gene13,54114,068528 bp−38.5%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA14,06914,13668 bp−–
CYTBProtein-coding gene14,14715,2831,137 bp+40.7%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA15,28415,34966 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA15,35015,41768 bp−–
D-loopControl region15,41816,8661,449 bp–42.4%

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