MitoAge

Mesocricetus auratus

Golden hamster

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Maximum lifespan
3.9 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
16,264 bp
RefSeq NC_013276.1
GC content
36.30%
Whole genome
Non-coding
921 bp
D-loop 867 bp

Where Golden hamster sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Golden hamster has the 2,150th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Golden hamster
  • This species
  • Other mammals
  • Other classes
Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,264 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.280
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.024

Life history

Maximum lifespan
3.9 years
Adult weight
105 g
Birth weight
2.5 g
Basal metabolic rate
0.69 W
Body temperature
38.1 °C
Female sexual maturity
48 days
Male sexual maturity
48 days
Gestation or incubation
16 days
Litter or clutch size
9
Litters per year
3
Postnatal growth rate
0.0574 per day

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 02885)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in captivity
Data quality
acceptable, medium sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Updated in build 2
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome16,264 bp
Protein-coding11,328 bp
12S rRNA955 bp
16S rRNA1,562 bp
All tRNA1,498 bp
D-loop867 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1955 bp30.9%33.0%10.7%25.4%36.13%−0.409−0.033
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,033 bp33.1%30.6%7.9%28.4%36.30%−0.563+0.040
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,545 bp28.7%33.3%16.6%21.4%37.99%−0.128−0.073
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II684 bp33.2%31.4%14.3%21.1%35.38%−0.190+0.027
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8204 bp38.2%30.9%5.9%25.0%30.88%−0.619+0.106
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6681 bp32.3%32.0%10.3%25.4%35.68%−0.424+0.005
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp27.6%32.9%14.8%24.7%39.54%−0.252−0.089
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3348 bp30.2%34.8%11.5%23.6%35.06%−0.344−0.071
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp31.6%35.0%10.8%22.6%33.33%−0.354−0.051
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,378 bp34.0%32.8%10.3%22.9%33.16%−0.379+0.018
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,821 bp32.6%31.9%10.5%25.0%35.53%−0.410+0.012
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6525 bp39.2%25.9%8.2%26.7%34.86%−0.530+0.205
CYTBCytochrome b1,141 bp30.0%33.5%12.7%23.8%36.55%−0.305−0.055
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA955 bp35.6%26.1%17.5%20.8%38.33%−0.087+0.155
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,562 bp37.1%26.1%17.3%19.6%36.88%−0.063+0.174
D-loopControl region (D-loop)867 bp28.5%32.2%13.7%25.6%39.33%−0.302−0.061

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.2%
UUU139
UUC95
Leu L15.8%
UUA164
UUG12
CUU127
CUC56
CUA230
CUG12
Ile I9.6%
AUU226
AUC137
Met M6.0%
AUA198
AUG30
Val V4.7%
GUU54
GUC28
GUA84
GUG12
Ser S7.9%
UCU65
UCC47
UCA124
UCG6
AGU27
AGC30
Pro P5.0%
CCU68
CCC51
CCA67
CCG5
Thr T8.0%
ACU97
ACC41
ACA159
ACG7
Ala A6.3%
GCU89
GCC59
GCA88
GCG5
Tyr Y3.5%
UAU86
UAC45
His H2.5%
CAU53
CAC43
Gln Q2.1%
CAA72
CAG8
Asn N4.3%
AAU72
AAC91
Lys K2.8%
AAA97
AAG9
Asp D1.8%
GAU40
GAC30
Glu E2.4%
GAA75
GAG17
Cys C0.8%
UGU16
UGC16
Trp W2.7%
UGA93
UGG9
Arg R1.7%
CGU8
CGC13
CGA41
CGG1
Gly G5.7%
GGU43
GGC49
GGA96
GGG27
Stop 0.2%
UAA7
UAG1
AGA0
AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_013276.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • D-loop1
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (36.3%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA16969 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA721,026955 bp+38.3%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA1,0291,10072 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA1,1012,6621,562 bp+36.9%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA2,6642,73875 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene2,7393,693955 bp+36.1%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA3,6943,76269 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA3,7603,83071 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA3,8333,90169 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene3,9024,9341,033 bp+36.3%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA4,9355,00066 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA5,0035,07169 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA5,0725,14271 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA5,1745,24067 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA5,2415,30868 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene5,3106,8541,545 bp+38.0%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA6,8566,92469 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA6,9286,99568 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene6,9977,680684 bp+35.4%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA7,6837,74664 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene7,7487,951204 bp+30.9%
ATP6Protein-coding gene7,9098,589681 bp+35.7%
COX3Protein-coding gene8,5899,372784 bp+39.5%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA9,3739,44169 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene9,4429,789348 bp+35.1%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA9,7919,85868 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene9,86010,156297 bp+33.3%
ND4Protein-coding gene10,15011,5271,378 bp+33.2%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA11,52811,59467 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA11,59611,65358 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA11,65311,72270 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene11,72313,5431,821 bp+35.5%
ND6Protein-coding gene13,52714,051525 bp−34.9%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA14,05214,12069 bp−–
CYTBProtein-coding gene14,12515,2651,141 bp+36.6%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA15,26615,33267 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA15,33315,39967 bp−–
D-loopControl region15,39816,264867 bp–39.3%

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