Mola mola

Ocean sunfish

Maximum lifespan

8 yr

FishBase record

mtDNA size

16,488 bp

RefSeq NC_005836.1

GC content

46.65%

Whole genome

Non-coding

882 bp

D-loop 817 bp

Where Ocean sunfish sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Ocean sunfish has the 1,745th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other ray-finned fishes
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,488 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.287
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.022

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 8 years
Adult weight: 1.3 t
Litter or clutch size: 300,000,000

Lifespan from FishBase · FishBase record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 04591)

About this record

Lifespan source: FishBase v26.06
Based on: an animal in captivity
Data quality: acceptable
Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,488 bp

Protein-coding11,411 bp

12S rRNA951 bp

16S rRNA1,691 bp

All tRNA1,553 bp

D-loop817 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Mola mola genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	23.4%	27.7%	16.0%	32.9%	48.92%	−0.346	−0.084
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	24.8%	27.0%	12.2%	36.0%	48.28%	−0.493	−0.043
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,554 bp	24.2%	30.2%	19.0%	26.6%	45.62%	−0.165	−0.110
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	28.7%	26.5%	15.8%	29.1%	44.86%	−0.297	+0.039
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	28.0%	23.2%	10.7%	38.1%	48.81%	−0.561	+0.093
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	683 bp	23.7%	28.6%	13.6%	34.1%	47.73%	−0.429	−0.092
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	24.8%	27.0%	17.0%	31.2%	48.22%	−0.293	−0.042
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	17.8%	32.1%	15.8%	34.4%	50.14%	−0.371	−0.287
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	21.9%	27.9%	14.1%	36.0%	50.17%	−0.436	−0.122
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	25.3%	27.2%	15.3%	32.3%	47.57%	−0.358	−0.036
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,839 bp	27.2%	26.5%	14.3%	32.0%	46.33%	−0.383	+0.013
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	38.5%	14.4%	12.8%	34.3%	47.13%	−0.455	+0.457
CYTBCytochrome b	1,141 bp	24.4%	28.4%	14.4%	32.9%	47.24%	−0.391	−0.076
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	951 bp	30.2%	20.8%	22.2%	26.8%	49.00%	−0.094	+0.184
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,691 bp	32.0%	21.6%	20.4%	26.0%	46.42%	−0.121	+0.194
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	817 bp	32.8%	30.5%	16.5%	20.2%	36.72%	−0.100	+0.037

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,808 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.2%

UUU97

UUC140

Leu L17.7%

UUA105

UUG19

CUU145

CUC201

CUA158

CUG46

Ile I6.9%

AUU150

AUC112

Met M4.1%

AUA89

AUG67

Val V5.7%

GUU57

GUC80

GUA60

GUG20

Ser S6.3%

UCU51

UCC68

UCA61

UCG8

AGU7

AGC44

Pro P5.8%

CCU54

CCC103

CCA48

CCG14

Thr T8.1%

ACU64

ACC122

ACA105

ACG16

Ala A9.0%

GCU75

GCC166

GCA90

GCG12

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU45

UAC64

His H2.9%

CAU31

CAC78

Gln Q2.6%

CAA83

CAG15

Asn N3.2%

AAU38

AAC82

Lys K1.9%

AAA60

AAG13

Asp D1.9%

GAU21

GAC51

Glu E2.7%

GAA73

GAG28

Cys C0.6%

UGU4

UGC19

Trp W3.2%

UGA89

UGG31

Arg R2.0%

CGU8

CGC19

CGA41

CGG9

Gly G6.4%

GGU25

GGC99

GGA67

GGG54

Stop 0.2%

UAA5

UAG2

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_005836.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (46.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Mola mola (NC_005836.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	68	68 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	69	1,019	951 bp	+	49.0%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,020	1,091	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,092	2,782	1,691 bp	+	46.4%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,783	2,856	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,857	3,831	975 bp	+	48.9%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,836	3,905	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,905	3,975	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,975	4,043	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,044	5,089	1,046 bp	+	48.3%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,090	5,161	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,162	5,230	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,232	5,304	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,341	5,407	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,408	5,478	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,480	7,033	1,554 bp	+	45.6%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,036	7,106	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,110	7,182	73 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,190	7,880	691 bp	+	44.9%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,881	7,955	75 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,957	8,124	168 bp	+	48.8%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,115	8,797	683 bp	+	47.7%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,798	9,583	786 bp	+	48.2%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,586	9,656	71 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,657	10,005	349 bp	+	50.1%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	10,006	10,074	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,075	10,371	297 bp	+	50.2%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,365	11,745	1,381 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,746	11,814	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,815	11,882	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,887	11,959	73 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,960	13,798	1,839 bp	+	46.3%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,795	14,316	522 bp	−	47.1%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,317	14,385	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,390	15,530	1,141 bp	+	47.2%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,531	15,602	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,602	15,671	70 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,672	16,488	817 bp	–	36.7%