Pennahia macrocephala
Big-head pennah croaker
GC content
47.21%
Whole genome
Non-coding
921 bp
D-loop 821 bp
Where Big-head pennah croaker sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Big-head pennah croaker has the 2,236th longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other ray-finned fishes
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,508 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.323
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.042
About this record
- Lifespan source
- FishBase v26.06
- Based on
- an estimate, not an observed animal
- Data quality
- low
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,508 bp
Protein-coding11,386 bp
12S rRNA953 bp
16S rRNA1,703 bp
All tRNA1,550 bp
D-loop821 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 47.69% | −0.424 | −0.031 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,046 bp | 48.47% | −0.515 | +0.035 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,557 bp | 48.88% | −0.251 | −0.063 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 45.73% | −0.304 | +0.040 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 156 bp | 44.23% | −0.507 | +0.172 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 683 bp | 47.44% | −0.500 | −0.086 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 785 bp | 50.32% | −0.332 | −0.051 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 349 bp | 48.14% | −0.369 | −0.204 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 50.51% | −0.387 | −0.129 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 48.30% | −0.403 | +0.006 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,824 bp | 47.48% | −0.439 | −0.013 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 50.96% | −0.436 | +0.445 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,141 bp | 48.73% | −0.417 | −0.060 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 953 bp | 47.32% | −0.073 | +0.167 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,703 bp | 46.10% | −0.175 | +0.229 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 821 bp | 37.27% | −0.163 | +0.052 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,799 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.3%
UUU85
UUC155
Leu L17.8%
UUA70
UUG18
CUU145
CUC217
CUA186
CUG41
Ile I7.2%
AUU148
AUC125
Met M3.7%
AUA86
AUG53
Val V5.4%
GUU61
GUC68
GUA53
GUG25
Ser S6.2%
UCU28
UCC81
UCA66
UCG7
AGU14
AGC40
Pro P5.9%
CCU37
CCC128
CCA53
CCG8
Thr T7.8%
ACU42
ACC135
ACA107
ACG11
Ala A9.5%
GCU60
GCC179
GCA106
GCG16
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU35
UAC77
His H2.8%
CAU19
CAC89
Gln Q2.5%
CAA83
CAG11
Asn N2.9%
AAU25
AAC86
Lys K2.0%
AAA67
AAG10
Asp D1.9%
GAU23
GAC51
Glu E2.7%
GAA79
GAG23
Cys C0.7%
UGU5
UGC22
Trp W3.1%
UGA105
UGG14
Arg R2.1%
CGU10
CGC20
CGA42
CGG6
Gly G6.2%
GGU36
GGC102
GGA65
GGG34
Stop 0.2%
UAA3
UAG2
AGA1
AGG0
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_031409.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (47.2%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 68 | 68 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 69 | 1,021 | 953 bp | + | 47.3% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,022 | 1,093 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,094 | 2,796 | 1,703 bp | + | 46.1% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 2,797 | 2,870 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 2,871 | 3,845 | 975 bp | + | 47.7% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 3,850 | 3,919 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 3,919 | 3,989 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 3,989 | 4,057 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,058 | 5,103 | 1,046 bp | + | 48.5% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,104 | 5,175 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,176 | 5,244 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,247 | 5,319 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,354 | 5,421 | 68 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,422 | 5,491 | 70 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,493 | 7,049 | 1,557 bp | + | 48.9% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,045 | 7,115 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,119 | 7,187 | 69 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,196 | 7,886 | 691 bp | + | 45.7% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 7,887 | 7,961 | 75 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 7,976 | 8,131 | 156 bp | + | 44.2% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,122 | 8,804 | 683 bp | + | 47.4% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 8,805 | 9,589 | 785 bp | + | 50.3% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,590 | 9,660 | 71 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,661 | 10,009 | 349 bp | + | 48.1% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 10,010 | 10,078 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,079 | 10,375 | 297 bp | + | 50.5% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,369 | 11,749 | 1,381 bp | + | 48.3% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 11,750 | 11,818 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 11,819 | 11,886 | 68 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 11,891 | 11,963 | 73 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 11,965 | 13,788 | 1,824 bp | + | 47.5% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 13,785 | 14,306 | 522 bp | − | 51.0% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 14,308 | 14,376 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 14,400 | 15,540 | 1,141 bp | + | 48.7% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 15,541 | 15,612 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 15,618 | 15,687 | 70 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,688 | 16,508 | 821 bp | – | 37.3% |