Phoenicopterus ruber

American flamingo

Maximum lifespan

49.1 yr

USGS longevity records

mtDNA size

17,476 bp

RefSeq NC_027934.1

GC content

45.73%

Whole genome

Non-coding

2,043 bp

D-loop 1,701 bp

Where American flamingo sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. American flamingo has the 154th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,476 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.412
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.153

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 49.1 years
Adult weight: 3.1 kg
Female sexual maturity: 5 years
Male sexual maturity: 5 years

Lifespan from USGS Bird Banding Laboratory · USGS longevity records · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01406)

About this record

Lifespan source: NABBP Longevity Records v2025.1
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable
Licence: U.S. Government work
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Provisional: the EURING list could not be retrieved, so the USGS record is used.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome17,476 bp

Protein-coding11,376 bp

12S rRNA970 bp

16S rRNA1,552 bp

All tRNA1,546 bp

D-loop1,701 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Phoenicopterus ruber genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	27.5%	24.9%	13.0%	34.6%	47.55%	−0.454	+0.049
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,039 bp	32.0%	24.3%	10.1%	33.7%	43.79%	−0.538	+0.137
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	27.5%	24.7%	16.7%	31.1%	47.84%	−0.302	+0.053
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	31.0%	23.2%	14.5%	31.3%	45.76%	−0.367	+0.143
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	35.7%	22.0%	4.2%	38.1%	42.26%	−0.803	+0.237
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.0%	24.4%	9.8%	35.8%	45.61%	−0.571	+0.102
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.6%	24.4%	14.7%	32.4%	47.07%	−0.377	+0.080
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	29.1%	25.1%	10.8%	35.0%	45.87%	−0.528	+0.074
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	29.0%	24.6%	13.8%	32.7%	46.47%	−0.406	+0.082
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,378 bp	32.1%	22.1%	9.9%	36.0%	45.86%	−0.570	+0.185
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,815 bp	32.3%	21.9%	11.0%	34.8%	45.73%	−0.520	+0.192
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	41.8%	10.5%	9.8%	37.9%	47.70%	−0.590	+0.597
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	28.6%	23.5%	12.1%	35.8%	47.86%	−0.495	+0.097
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	970 bp	32.2%	19.8%	20.0%	28.0%	48.04%	−0.167	+0.238
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,552 bp	33.8%	21.5%	18.9%	25.8%	44.65%	−0.154	+0.222
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,701 bp	31.2%	26.1%	12.2%	30.6%	42.74%	−0.431	+0.088

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.7%

UUU41

UUC177

Leu L17.6%

UUA59

UUG20

CUU55

CUC161

CUA333

CUG42

Ile I7.7%

AUU63

AUC230

Met M4.5%

AUA142

AUG27

Val V4.4%

GUU40

GUC41

GUA68

GUG18

Ser S7.4%

UCU33

UCC85

UCA107

UCG4

AGU4

AGC48

Pro P5.9%

CCU31

CCC76

CCA111

CCG6

Thr T9.2%

ACU53

ACC151

ACA144

ACG3

Ala A7.8%

GCU39

GCC153

GCA97

GCG6

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU34

UAC78

His H2.9%

CAU19

CAC90

Gln Q2.5%

CAA90

CAG5

Asn N3.5%

AAU19

AAC112

Lys K2.3%

AAA79

AAG7

Asp D1.6%

GAU15

GAC44

Glu E2.5%

GAA81

GAG15

Cys C0.8%

UGU9

UGC21

Trp W2.8%

UGA98

UGG9

Arg R1.8%

CGU7

CGC17

CGA40

CGG5

Gly G5.9%

GGU19

GGC84

GGA91

GGG31

Stop 0.3%

UAA7

UAG0

AGA0

AGG3

Genome map

39 annotated features in NC_027934.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop2

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 39 features as a table

Annotated features of Phoenicopterus ruber (NC_027934.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	72	72 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	73	1,042	970 bp	+	48.0%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,043	1,114	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,158	2,709	1,552 bp	+	44.7%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,713	2,786	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,806	3,783	978 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,782	3,853	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,868	3,938	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,938	4,006	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,007	5,045	1,039 bp	+	43.8%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,046	5,115	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,117	5,185	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,188	5,260	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,263	5,329	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,329	5,399	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,401	6,951	1,551 bp	+	47.8%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,943	7,016	74 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,019	7,087	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,089	7,772	684 bp	+	45.8%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,774	7,845	72 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,847	8,014	168 bp	+	42.3%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,005	8,688	684 bp	+	45.6%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,688	9,471	784 bp	+	47.1%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,472	9,540	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,541	9,892	352 bp	+	45.9%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,897	9,965	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,967	10,263	297 bp	+	46.5%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,257	11,634	1,378 bp	+	45.9%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,635	11,704	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,707	11,769	63 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,770	11,840	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,841	13,655	1,815 bp	+	45.7%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,668	14,810	1,143 bp	+	47.9%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,815	14,884	70 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	14,885	16,133	1,249 bp	–	42.7%
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	16,310	16,379	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	16,399	16,920	522 bp	−	47.7%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	16,924	16,994	71 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	17,025	17,476	452 bp	–	42.7%