Pygoscelis adeliae

Adelie Penguin

Maximum lifespan

13.7 yr

USGS longevity records

mtDNA size

17,486 bp

RefSeq NC_021137.1

GC content

46.18%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,989 bp

D-loop 1,918 bp

Where Adelie Penguin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Adelie Penguin has the 1,326th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,486 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.404
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.154

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 13.7 years

Lifespan from USGS Bird Banding Laboratory · USGS longevity records

About this record

Lifespan source: NABBP Longevity Records v2025.1
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable
Licence: U.S. Government work
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Provisional: the EURING list could not be retrieved, so the USGS record is used.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome17,486 bp

Protein-coding11,377 bp

12S rRNA978 bp

16S rRNA1,610 bp

All tRNA1,544 bp

D-loop1,918 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Pygoscelis adeliae genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	27.9%	25.7%	12.5%	33.9%	46.42%	−0.463	+0.042
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,039 bp	32.8%	22.5%	9.5%	35.1%	44.66%	−0.573	+0.186
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	27.1%	23.7%	16.7%	32.5%	49.19%	−0.321	+0.066
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	31.6%	22.4%	13.9%	32.2%	46.05%	−0.397	+0.171
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	34.5%	21.4%	6.0%	38.1%	44.05%	−0.730	+0.234
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	31.3%	22.8%	8.9%	37.0%	45.91%	−0.611	+0.157
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.6%	22.6%	14.8%	34.1%	48.85%	−0.394	+0.117
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	25.6%	24.2%	13.4%	36.8%	50.14%	−0.466	+0.029
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.6%	23.2%	13.1%	37.0%	50.17%	−0.477	+0.068
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,379 bp	30.7%	22.6%	10.4%	36.2%	46.63%	−0.552	+0.152
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,818 bp	31.1%	21.0%	11.1%	36.9%	47.91%	−0.538	+0.193
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	39.7%	10.2%	9.6%	40.5%	50.10%	−0.615	+0.591
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	26.9%	24.0%	12.8%	36.2%	49.04%	−0.479	+0.058
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	978 bp	31.7%	20.9%	19.9%	27.5%	47.44%	−0.159	+0.206
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,610 bp	34.0%	19.4%	18.6%	27.9%	46.52%	−0.199	+0.273
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,918 bp	34.0%	27.9%	12.8%	25.2%	38.06%	−0.326	+0.098

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,796 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.6%

UUU34

UUC179

Leu L17.5%

UUA49

UUG21

CUU48

CUC201

CUA310

CUG35

Ile I7.5%

AUU69

AUC217

Met M4.3%

AUA139

AUG26

Val V4.2%

GUU24

GUC46

GUA73

GUG18

Ser S7.4%

UCU28

UCC99

UCA91

UCG7

AGU11

AGC46

Pro P6.0%

CCU25

CCC95

CCA101

CCG5

Thr T10.0%

ACU50

ACC166

ACA159

ACG3

Ala A7.7%

GCU45

GCC147

GCA95

GCG7

Tyr Y3.0%

UAU28

UAC87

His H2.8%

CAU9

CAC99

Gln Q2.5%

CAA86

CAG8

Asn N3.4%

AAU15

AAC113

Lys K2.3%

AAA81

AAG6

Asp D1.7%

GAU16

GAC47

Glu E2.4%

GAA77

GAG15

Cys C0.7%

UGU4

UGC23

Trp W2.8%

UGA83

UGG25

Arg R1.8%

CGU8

CGC21

CGA37

CGG4

Gly G5.9%

GGU29

GGC76

GGA78

GGG42

Stop 0.3%

UAA7

UAG1

AGA0

AGG2

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_021137.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (46.2%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Pygoscelis adeliae (NC_021137.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	69	1,046	978 bp	+	47.4%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,047	1,118	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,119	2,728	1,610 bp	+	46.5%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,729	2,802	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,807	3,784	978 bp	+	46.4%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,783	3,852	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,862	3,932	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,932	4,001	70 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,002	5,040	1,039 bp	+	44.7%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,041	5,110	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,112	5,180	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,183	5,255	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,262	5,328	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,328	5,398	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,400	6,950	1,551 bp	+	49.2%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,942	7,017	76 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,022	7,090	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,093	7,776	684 bp	+	46.1%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,778	7,847	70 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,849	8,016	168 bp	+	44.1%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,007	8,690	684 bp	+	45.9%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,690	9,473	784 bp	+	48.9%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,474	9,542	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,543	9,894	352 bp	+	50.1%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,899	9,967	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,969	10,265	297 bp	+	50.2%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,259	11,637	1,379 bp	+	46.6%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,638	11,707	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,708	11,773	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,774	11,844	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,845	13,662	1,818 bp	+	47.9%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,668	14,810	1,143 bp	+	49.0%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,815	14,884	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	14,899	14,968	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,977	15,495	519 bp	−	50.1%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	15,499	15,568	70 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,569	17,486	1,918 bp	–	38.1%