Pygoscelis papua

Gentoo penguin

Maximum lifespan

41 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,712 bp

RefSeq NC_037702.1

GC content

47.39%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,205 bp

D-loop 1,138 bp

Where Gentoo penguin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Gentoo penguin has the 242nd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,712 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.388
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.139

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 41 years
Adult weight: 6 kg
Female sexual maturity: 2 years
Male sexual maturity: 2 years
Litter or clutch size: 2

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01670)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in captivity
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,712 bp

Protein-coding11,377 bp

12S rRNA979 bp

16S rRNA1,612 bp

All tRNA1,551 bp

D-loop1,138 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Pygoscelis papua genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	26.7%	25.8%	13.6%	33.9%	47.55%	−0.428	+0.018
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,039 bp	33.1%	21.4%	9.0%	36.6%	45.53%	−0.607	+0.216
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	27.3%	24.4%	16.6%	31.8%	48.36%	−0.315	+0.056
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	30.1%	20.6%	14.8%	34.5%	49.27%	−0.401	+0.187
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	32.7%	20.8%	7.1%	39.3%	46.43%	−0.692	+0.222
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.1%	22.8%	9.8%	37.3%	47.08%	−0.584	+0.138
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.1%	22.7%	15.2%	34.1%	49.24%	−0.383	+0.106
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	26.8%	24.5%	12.0%	36.8%	48.72%	−0.509	+0.044
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	27.6%	22.2%	11.8%	38.4%	50.17%	−0.530	+0.108
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,379 bp	30.7%	21.8%	10.5%	37.0%	47.50%	−0.557	+0.169
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,818 bp	30.5%	20.8%	11.7%	37.0%	48.74%	−0.519	+0.189
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	38.3%	9.8%	11.2%	40.7%	51.83%	−0.569	+0.592
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.0%	23.8%	12.8%	36.4%	49.17%	−0.480	+0.064
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	979 bp	30.9%	19.7%	20.6%	28.7%	49.34%	−0.164	+0.222
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,612 bp	33.5%	20.2%	18.9%	27.5%	46.34%	−0.186	+0.249
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,138 bp	25.6%	31.6%	19.0%	23.8%	42.79%	−0.113	−0.106

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.6%

UUU39

UUC174

Leu L17.4%

UUA47

UUG20

CUU49

CUC205

CUA309

CUG32

Ile I7.6%

AUU65

AUC222

Met M4.3%

AUA136

AUG28

Val V4.3%

GUU24

GUC51

GUA66

GUG21

Ser S7.5%

UCU25

UCC107

UCA87

UCG9

AGU10

AGC46

Pro P6.0%

CCU23

CCC96

CCA103

CCG5

Thr T9.9%

ACU44

ACC168

ACA153

ACG10

Ala A7.8%

GCU36

GCC153

GCA93

GCG13

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU23

UAC89

His H2.9%

CAU14

CAC98

Gln Q2.5%

CAA79

CAG16

Asn N3.4%

AAU14

AAC115

Lys K2.3%

AAA81

AAG5

Asp D1.6%

GAU10

GAC52

Glu E2.4%

GAA73

GAG20

Cys C0.7%

UGU5

UGC22

Trp W2.9%

UGA88

UGG21

Arg R1.8%

CGU7

CGC23

CGA36

CGG4

Gly G5.9%

GGU21

GGC84

GGA72

GGG46

Stop 0.3%

UAA8

UAG0

AGA0

AGG2

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_037702.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (47.4%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Pygoscelis papua (NC_037702.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,048	979 bp	+	49.3%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,049	1,120	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,121	2,732	1,612 bp	+	46.3%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,733	2,806	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,811	3,788	978 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,786	3,858	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,867	3,937	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,937	4,005	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,006	5,044	1,039 bp	+	45.5%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,045	5,115	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,117	5,185	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,188	5,260	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,267	5,333	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,333	5,403	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,405	6,955	1,551 bp	+	48.4%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,947	7,022	76 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,030	7,098	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,101	7,784	684 bp	+	49.3%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,786	7,857	72 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,859	8,026	168 bp	+	46.4%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,017	8,700	684 bp	+	47.1%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,700	9,483	784 bp	+	49.2%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,484	9,552	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,553	9,904	352 bp	+	48.7%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,909	9,977	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,979	10,275	297 bp	+	50.2%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,269	11,647	1,379 bp	+	47.5%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,648	11,717	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,718	11,783	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,784	11,854	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,855	13,672	1,818 bp	+	48.7%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,679	14,821	1,143 bp	+	49.2%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,826	14,895	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	14,902	14,971	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,982	15,500	519 bp	−	51.8%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	15,503	15,574	72 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	15,575	16,712	1,138 bp	–	42.8%