MitoAge

Rhodeus sericeus

Bitterling

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Maximum lifespan
5 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
16,581 bp
RefSeq NC_025326.1
GC content
44.53%
Whole genome
Non-coding
992 bp
D-loop 925 bp

Where Bitterling sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Bitterling has the 1,984th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Bitterling
  • This species
  • Other ray-finned fishes
  • Other classes
Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,581 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.224
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.043

Life history

Maximum lifespan
5 years
Female sexual maturity
2.5 years
Male sexual maturity
2.5 years

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 03909)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in the wild
Data quality
acceptable, medium sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Updated in build 2
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome16,581 bp
Protein-coding11,400 bp
12S rRNA959 bp
16S rRNA1,680 bp
All tRNA1,550 bp
D-loop925 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1975 bp25.8%27.7%17.1%29.3%46.46%−0.263−0.034
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,045 bp26.9%26.3%14.8%32.0%46.79%−0.366+0.011
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,551 bp25.9%29.1%18.2%26.8%45.00%−0.192−0.057
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II691 bp27.8%27.4%17.4%27.5%44.86%−0.226+0.008
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8165 bp30.9%29.1%13.9%26.1%40.00%−0.303+0.030
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6684 bp27.3%30.3%13.9%28.5%42.40%−0.345−0.051
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp25.0%29.3%17.7%27.9%45.66%−0.223−0.080
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3349 bp23.8%30.7%17.2%28.4%45.56%−0.245−0.126
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp24.9%29.0%16.2%30.0%46.13%−0.299−0.075
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,382 bp27.4%26.9%15.6%30.1%45.66%−0.319+0.009
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,833 bp29.1%27.8%14.8%28.3%43.10%−0.311+0.024
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6522 bp38.7%13.8%14.4%33.1%47.51%−0.395+0.474
CYTBCytochrome b1,141 bp26.1%29.9%16.5%27.5%44.00%−0.251−0.067
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA959 bp30.6%19.5%22.2%27.7%49.95%−0.111+0.221
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,680 bp35.3%20.5%20.9%23.3%44.17%−0.054+0.264
D-loopControl region (D-loop)925 bp31.6%31.9%15.7%20.9%36.54%−0.142−0.005

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,804 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.0%
UUU143
UUC86
Leu L16.7%
UUA126
UUG25
CUU133
CUC107
CUA185
CUG60
Ile I7.2%
AUU187
AUC87
Met M4.7%
AUA108
AUG69
Val V6.4%
GUU70
GUC58
GUA79
GUG38
Ser S6.4%
UCU50
UCC45
UCA81
UCG13
AGU16
AGC37
Pro P5.6%
CCU35
CCC92
CCA71
CCG15
Thr T7.5%
ACU40
ACC112
ACA120
ACG12
Ala A9.0%
GCU44
GCC159
GCA117
GCG23
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU41
UAC68
His H2.7%
CAU30
CAC71
Gln Q2.6%
CAA73
CAG26
Asn N3.2%
AAU44
AAC76
Lys K2.0%
AAA67
AAG10
Asp D2.1%
GAU15
GAC65
Glu E2.7%
GAA76
GAG26
Cys C0.7%
UGU4
UGC23
Trp W3.2%
UGA94
UGG26
Arg R2.1%
CGU13
CGC16
CGA30
CGG19
Gly G6.3%
GGU23
GGC87
GGA87
GGG44
Stop 0.2%
UAA6
UAG1
AGA0
AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_025326.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • D-loop1
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (44.5%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
D-loopControl region1925925 bp–36.5%
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA92699368 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA9941,952959 bp+50.0%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA1,9532,02573 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA2,0263,7051,680 bp+44.2%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA3,7063,78176 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene3,7824,756975 bp+46.5%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA4,7734,83260 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA4,8314,90171 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA4,9034,97169 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene4,9726,0161,045 bp+46.8%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA6,0176,08771 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA6,0896,15769 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA6,1596,23173 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA6,2636,33169 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA6,3326,40170 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene6,4037,9531,551 bp+45.0%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA7,9548,02471 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA8,0278,09670 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene8,1058,795691 bp+44.9%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA8,7968,87176 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene8,8739,037165 bp+40.0%
ATP6Protein-coding gene9,0319,714684 bp+42.4%
COX3Protein-coding gene9,71410,497784 bp+45.7%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA10,49810,56871 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene10,56910,917349 bp+45.6%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA10,91810,98972 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene10,99011,286297 bp+46.1%
ND4Protein-coding gene11,28012,6611,382 bp+45.7%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA12,66212,73069 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA12,73112,79969 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA12,80112,87373 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene12,87414,7061,833 bp+43.1%
ND6Protein-coding gene14,70315,224522 bp−47.5%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA15,22515,29369 bp−–
CYTBProtein-coding gene15,29816,4381,141 bp+44.0%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA16,43916,51274 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA16,51216,58170 bp−–

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