MitoAge

Sarda sarda

Atlantic bonito

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Maximum lifespan
5 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
16,506 bp
RefSeq NC_052756.1
GC content
45.71%
Whole genome
Non-coding
908 bp
D-loop 847 bp

Where Atlantic bonito sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Atlantic bonito has the 1,996th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Atlantic bonito
  • This species
  • Other ray-finned fishes
  • Other classes
Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,506 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.270
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.030

Life history

Maximum lifespan
5 years
Adult weight
6.1 kg
Female sexual maturity
365 days
Male sexual maturity
365 days

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 04354)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in the wild
Data quality
acceptable, medium sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
New in build 2
In the database since
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome16,506 bp
Protein-coding11,407 bp
12S rRNA949 bp
16S rRNA1,692 bp
All tRNA1,550 bp
D-loop847 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1975 bp25.6%27.6%15.4%31.4%46.77%−0.342−0.037
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,046 bp26.3%25.0%13.7%35.1%48.76%−0.439+0.026
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,551 bp25.0%29.4%18.3%27.3%45.65%−0.198−0.082
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II691 bp28.5%27.6%16.1%27.8%43.85%−0.267+0.015
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8168 bp30.4%22.6%12.5%34.5%47.02%−0.468+0.146
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6684 bp25.9%27.5%13.5%33.2%46.64%−0.423−0.030
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III785 bp25.4%28.3%16.8%29.6%46.37%−0.275−0.055
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3349 bp22.1%29.8%15.5%32.7%48.14%−0.357−0.149
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp20.5%29.0%16.5%34.0%50.51%−0.347−0.170
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,381 bp26.9%28.0%14.6%30.4%45.04%−0.350−0.020
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,839 bp27.2%27.9%14.5%30.3%44.81%−0.354−0.013
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6522 bp35.8%18.0%14.9%31.2%46.17%−0.353+0.331
CYTBCytochrome b1,141 bp25.2%29.0%14.8%31.0%45.84%−0.354−0.071
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA949 bp30.1%21.2%22.3%26.3%48.68%−0.082+0.175
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,692 bp33.4%20.5%20.4%25.7%46.10%−0.115+0.239
D-loopControl region (D-loop)847 bp32.3%31.4%14.3%22.0%36.25%−0.212+0.015

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,807 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.1%
UUU82
UUC152
Leu L17.2%
UUA88
UUG13
CUU164
CUC142
CUA203
CUG44
Ile I6.9%
AUU159
AUC105
Met M4.1%
AUA73
AUG82
Val V6.0%
GUU64
GUC66
GUA77
GUG23
Ser S6.3%
UCU46
UCC63
UCA67
UCG11
AGU5
AGC48
Pro P5.9%
CCU71
CCC80
CCA64
CCG8
Thr T7.9%
ACU56
ACC112
ACA120
ACG12
Ala A9.4%
GCU73
GCC157
GCA116
GCG11
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU39
UAC70
His H2.8%
CAU34
CAC73
Gln Q2.4%
CAA67
CAG26
Asn N3.2%
AAU40
AAC80
Lys K1.9%
AAA64
AAG9
Asp D2.0%
GAU17
GAC60
Glu E2.8%
GAA87
GAG18
Cys C0.7%
UGU5
UGC20
Trp W3.1%
UGA109
UGG10
Arg R2.0%
CGU10
CGC6
CGA49
CGG11
Gly G6.3%
GGU44
GGC78
GGA80
GGG37
Stop 0.2%
UAA6
UAG1
AGA0
AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_052756.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

Not drawn: D-loop 1,090–16,506, annotated over most of the record.

All 37 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA16868 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA691,017949 bp+48.7%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA1,0181,08972 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA1,0912,7821,692 bp+46.1%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA2,7832,85674 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene2,8573,831975 bp+46.8%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA3,8363,90671 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA3,9063,97671 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA3,9764,04469 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene4,0455,0901,046 bp+48.8%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA5,0915,16171 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA5,1635,23169 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA5,2335,30573 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA5,3405,40768 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA5,4085,47467 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene5,4767,0261,551 bp+45.7%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA7,0277,09771 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA7,1017,17373 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene7,1827,872691 bp+43.9%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA7,8737,94674 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene7,9488,115168 bp+47.0%
ATP6Protein-coding gene8,1068,789684 bp+46.6%
COX3Protein-coding gene8,7899,573785 bp+46.4%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA9,5749,64471 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene9,6459,993349 bp+48.1%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA9,99410,06269 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene10,06310,359297 bp+50.5%
ND4Protein-coding gene10,35311,7331,381 bp+45.0%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA11,73411,80370 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA11,80411,87168 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA11,87611,94873 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene11,94913,7871,839 bp+44.8%
ND6Protein-coding gene13,78414,305522 bp−46.2%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA14,30614,37469 bp−–
CYTBProtein-coding gene14,37915,5191,141 bp+45.8%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA15,52015,59172 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA15,59115,66070 bp−–

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