Spheniscus mendiculus

Galapagos penguin

Maximum lifespan

17.7 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,367 bp

RefSeq NC_036297.1

GC content

46.68%

Whole genome

Non-coding

876 bp

D-loop 780 bp

Where Galapagos penguin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Galapagos penguin has the 1,066th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,367 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.406
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.148

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 17.7 years
Adult weight: 1.9 kg

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01674)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, large sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,367 bp

Protein-coding11,385 bp

12S rRNA979 bp

16S rRNA1,605 bp

All tRNA1,545 bp

D-loop780 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Spheniscus mendiculus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	27.5%	24.2%	13.0%	35.3%	48.26%	−0.462	+0.063
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,050 bp	33.2%	22.4%	9.0%	35.3%	44.38%	−0.592	+0.195
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	27.7%	24.2%	15.9%	32.1%	48.03%	−0.337	+0.067
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	31.1%	21.1%	14.0%	33.8%	47.81%	−0.413	+0.193
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	165 bp	34.5%	21.2%	4.8%	39.4%	44.24%	−0.781	+0.239
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.7%	24.6%	8.9%	35.8%	44.74%	−0.601	+0.111
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.7%	22.7%	14.4%	34.2%	48.60%	−0.407	+0.117
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	27.1%	24.2%	12.0%	36.8%	48.72%	−0.509	+0.056
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.6%	23.9%	13.1%	36.4%	49.50%	−0.469	+0.053
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,379 bp	31.1%	22.0%	10.1%	36.8%	46.92%	−0.570	+0.172
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,818 bp	31.7%	21.7%	11.0%	35.6%	46.65%	−0.528	+0.188
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	40.8%	12.1%	9.4%	37.6%	47.01%	−0.598	+0.542
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.9%	23.2%	11.8%	37.1%	48.91%	−0.517	+0.092
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	979 bp	31.5%	20.3%	19.5%	28.7%	48.21%	−0.191	+0.215
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,605 bp	34.3%	19.8%	18.4%	27.6%	45.98%	−0.201	+0.269
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	780 bp	24.0%	34.0%	20.5%	21.5%	42.05%	−0.024	−0.173

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,800 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.5%

UUU49

UUC160

Leu L17.6%

UUA66

UUG17

CUU58

CUC190

CUA310

CUG27

Ile I7.5%

AUU60

AUC225

Met M4.5%

AUA143

AUG29

Val V4.2%

GUU21

GUC49

GUA68

GUG20

Ser S7.3%

UCU22

UCC104

UCA92

UCG6

AGU6

AGC49

Pro P6.0%

CCU26

CCC92

CCA107

CCG4

Thr T9.8%

ACU55

ACC165

ACA145

ACG8

Ala A7.7%

GCU45

GCC158

GCA86

GCG5

Tyr Y2.8%

UAU26

UAC81

His H3.1%

CAU15

CAC101

Gln Q2.5%

CAA88

CAG7

Asn N3.5%

AAU15

AAC118

Lys K2.3%

AAA82

AAG5

Asp D1.6%

GAU11

GAC50

Glu E2.5%

GAA83

GAG13

Cys C0.8%

UGU8

UGC22

Trp W2.8%

UGA97

UGG11

Arg R1.8%

CGU6

CGC24

CGA37

CGG3

Gly G5.8%

GGU17

GGC86

GGA91

GGG25

Stop 0.3%

UAA7

UAG1

AGA0

AGG3

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_036297.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (46.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Spheniscus mendiculus (NC_036297.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,048	979 bp	+	48.2%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,049	1,119	71 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,120	2,724	1,605 bp	+	46.0%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,725	2,798	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,804	3,781	978 bp	+	48.3%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,779	3,852	74 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,861	3,931	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,931	3,999	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,000	5,049	1,050 bp	+	44.4%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,039	5,108	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,110	5,178	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,195	5,267	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,270	5,336	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,336	5,406	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,413	6,963	1,551 bp	+	48.0%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,955	7,030	76 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,037	7,105	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,108	7,791	684 bp	+	47.8%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,793	7,862	70 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,864	8,028	165 bp	+	44.2%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,019	8,702	684 bp	+	44.7%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,702	9,485	784 bp	+	48.6%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,486	9,554	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,555	9,906	352 bp	+	48.7%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,911	9,979	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,981	10,277	297 bp	+	49.5%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,271	11,649	1,379 bp	+	46.9%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,650	11,718	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,719	11,784	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,793	11,863	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,864	13,681	1,818 bp	+	46.7%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,688	14,830	1,143 bp	+	48.9%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,835	14,903	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	14,915	14,984	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,998	15,516	519 bp	−	47.0%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	15,519	15,589	71 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	15,588	16,367	780 bp	–	42.1%