Sphyraena sphyraena
European barracuda
GC content
44.94%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,114 bp
D-loop 850 bp
Where European barracuda sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. European barracuda has the 1,735th longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other ray-finned fishes
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,841 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.275
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.040
About this record
- Lifespan source
- FishBase v26.06
- Based on
- an observed animal, origin not stated
- Data quality
- acceptable
- Licence
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
The lifespan value is for non-commercial use only; the genome data is not restricted by it.
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,841 bp
Protein-coding11,432 bp
12S rRNA965 bp
16S rRNA1,781 bp
All tRNA1,557 bp
D-loop850 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 45.64% | −0.308 | −0.068 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,062 bp | 46.32% | −0.365 | +0.039 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,557 bp | 45.34% | −0.227 | −0.095 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 45.73% | −0.278 | +0.019 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 168 bp | 45.24% | −0.500 | +0.065 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 681 bp | 42.00% | −0.413 | −0.078 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 786 bp | 49.24% | −0.261 | −0.003 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 351 bp | 49.86% | −0.349 | −0.205 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 47.48% | −0.362 | −0.154 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 45.76% | −0.354 | −0.036 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,839 bp | 44.21% | −0.410 | +0.041 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 45.02% | −0.379 | +0.449 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,141 bp | 45.22% | −0.349 | −0.046 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 965 bp | 49.85% | −0.073 | +0.136 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,781 bp | 44.02% | −0.105 | +0.174 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 850 bp | 36.24% | −0.292 | +0.151 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.2%
UUU109
UUC128
Leu L17.4%
UUA96
UUG37
CUU142
CUC148
CUA193
CUG48
Ile I7.0%
AUU141
AUC126
Met M4.4%
AUA105
AUG61
Val V5.5%
GUU47
GUC64
GUA71
GUG28
Ser S6.3%
UCU47
UCC73
UCA58
UCG9
AGU16
AGC37
Pro P5.7%
CCU54
CCC102
CCA53
CCG9
Thr T8.2%
ACU65
ACC114
ACA121
ACG12
Ala A9.0%
GCU72
GCC137
GCA123
GCG9
Tyr Y2.8%
UAU39
UAC66
His H2.9%
CAU41
CAC70
Gln Q2.5%
CAA81
CAG16
Asn N3.0%
AAU40
AAC75
Lys K2.0%
AAA70
AAG6
Asp D2.0%
GAU26
GAC52
Glu E2.5%
GAA69
GAG26
Cys C0.7%
UGU11
UGC17
Trp W3.1%
UGA98
UGG21
Arg R2.1%
CGU8
CGC17
CGA49
CGG6
Gly G6.3%
GGU45
GGC73
GGA79
GGG43
Stop 0.3%
UAA8
UAG1
AGA1
AGG0
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_086960.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (44.9%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 70 | 70 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 71 | 1,035 | 965 bp | + | 49.9% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,036 | 1,108 | 73 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,109 | 2,889 | 1,781 bp | + | 44.0% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 3,017 | 3,090 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 3,091 | 4,065 | 975 bp | + | 45.6% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 4,071 | 4,141 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 4,141 | 4,211 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 4,220 | 4,289 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,290 | 5,351 | 1,062 bp | + | 46.3% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,382 | 5,452 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,456 | 5,524 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,526 | 5,598 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,646 | 5,712 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,725 | 5,794 | 70 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,796 | 7,352 | 1,557 bp | + | 45.3% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,348 | 7,418 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,422 | 7,493 | 72 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,504 | 8,194 | 691 bp | + | 45.7% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 8,195 | 8,268 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 8,277 | 8,444 | 168 bp | + | 45.2% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,438 | 9,118 | 681 bp | + | 42.0% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,118 | 9,903 | 786 bp | + | 49.2% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,903 | 9,972 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,974 | 10,324 | 351 bp | + | 49.9% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 10,323 | 10,391 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,392 | 10,688 | 297 bp | + | 47.5% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,682 | 12,062 | 1,381 bp | + | 45.8% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 12,063 | 12,131 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 12,132 | 12,199 | 68 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 12,205 | 12,278 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 12,279 | 14,117 | 1,839 bp | + | 44.2% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 14,114 | 14,635 | 522 bp | − | 45.0% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 14,636 | 14,704 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 14,708 | 15,848 | 1,141 bp | + | 45.2% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 15,849 | 15,921 | 73 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 15,921 | 15,991 | 71 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,992 | 16,841 | 850 bp | – | 36.2% |