Sterna paradisaea
Arctic tern
GC content
44.10%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,231 bp
D-loop 1,158 bp
Where Arctic tern sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Arctic tern has the 352nd longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other birds
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,708 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.354
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.090
Life history
- Maximum lifespan
- 34 years
- Adult weight
- 100 g
- Birth weight
- 13.1 g
- Female sexual maturity
- 3 years
- Male sexual maturity
- 3 years
- Gestation or incubation
- 21 days
- Litter or clutch size
- 2
- Litters per year
- 1
- Postnatal growth rate
- 0.27 per day
Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 00494)
About this record
- Lifespan source
- AnAge build 15
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable, medium sample
- Licence
- Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,708 bp
Protein-coding11,376 bp
12S rRNA967 bp
16S rRNA1,596 bp
All tRNA1,549 bp
D-loop1,158 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 978 bp | 43.76% | −0.383 | −0.025 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,039 bp | 42.35% | −0.500 | +0.095 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,551 bp | 45.52% | −0.258 | −0.013 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 684 bp | 45.03% | −0.331 | +0.037 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 168 bp | 41.67% | −0.743 | +0.204 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 684 bp | 43.42% | −0.549 | +0.039 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 784 bp | 45.41% | −0.320 | +0.070 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 351 bp | 39.89% | −0.371 | −0.043 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 43.77% | −0.369 | +0.030 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,378 bp | 44.99% | −0.506 | +0.077 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,815 bp | 44.08% | −0.475 | +0.121 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 522 bp | 47.32% | −0.611 | +0.600 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,143 bp | 43.66% | −0.435 | +0.022 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 967 bp | 48.09% | −0.114 | +0.183 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,596 bp | 43.61% | −0.141 | +0.169 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 1,158 bp | 43.18% | −0.292 | +0.027 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F5.9%
UUU66
UUC158
Leu L17.5%
UUA101
UUG23
CUU84
CUC129
CUA294
CUG33
Ile I7.5%
AUU102
AUC184
Met M4.6%
AUA147
AUG29
Val V4.7%
GUU38
GUC41
GUA72
GUG26
Ser S7.7%
UCU60
UCC71
UCA101
UCG5
AGU10
AGC45
Pro P5.7%
CCU50
CCC63
CCA95
CCG8
Thr T9.0%
ACU62
ACC140
ACA128
ACG11
Ala A7.8%
GCU69
GCC120
GCA100
GCG8
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU41
UAC71
His H2.8%
CAU31
CAC74
Gln Q2.6%
CAA84
CAG14
Asn N3.4%
AAU25
AAC103
Lys K2.2%
AAA81
AAG4
Asp D1.7%
GAU21
GAC42
Glu E2.4%
GAA70
GAG23
Cys C0.8%
UGU9
UGC21
Trp W2.8%
UGA95
UGG12
Arg R1.9%
CGU13
CGC18
CGA36
CGG4
Gly G5.8%
GGU56
GGC48
GGA68
GGG50
Stop 0.3%
UAA7
UAG0
AGA1
AGG2
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_045282.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (44.1%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 72 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 73 | 1,039 | 967 bp | + | 48.1% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,040 | 1,111 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,112 | 2,707 | 1,596 bp | + | 43.6% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 2,708 | 2,781 | 74 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 2,790 | 3,767 | 978 bp | + | 43.8% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 3,766 | 3,837 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 3,847 | 3,917 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 3,917 | 3,985 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 3,986 | 5,024 | 1,039 bp | + | 42.4% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,025 | 5,095 | 71 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,097 | 5,165 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,168 | 5,240 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,243 | 5,309 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,310 | 5,380 | 71 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,382 | 6,932 | 1,551 bp | + | 45.5% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 6,924 | 6,997 | 74 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,000 | 7,068 | 69 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,070 | 7,753 | 684 bp | + | 45.0% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 7,755 | 7,824 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 7,826 | 7,993 | 168 bp | + | 41.7% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 7,984 | 8,667 | 684 bp | + | 43.4% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 8,667 | 9,450 | 784 bp | + | 45.4% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,451 | 9,519 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,520 | 9,871 | 352 bp | + | 39.9% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 9,876 | 9,944 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 9,946 | 10,242 | 297 bp | + | 43.8% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,236 | 11,613 | 1,378 bp | + | 45.0% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 11,614 | 11,683 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 11,684 | 11,749 | 66 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 11,749 | 11,819 | 71 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 11,820 | 13,634 | 1,815 bp | + | 44.1% |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 13,649 | 14,791 | 1,143 bp | + | 43.7% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 14,796 | 14,865 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 14,873 | 14,942 | 70 bp | − | – |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 14,954 | 15,475 | 522 bp | − | 47.3% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 15,479 | 15,550 | 72 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,551 | 16,708 | 1,158 bp | – | 43.2% |