MitoAge

Ursus arctos

Brown bear

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Maximum lifespan
40 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
17,020 bp
RefSeq NC_003427.1
GC content
41.31%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,638 bp
Including the D-loop

Where Brown bear sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Brown bear has the 254th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Brown bear
  • This species
  • Other mammals
  • Other classes
Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,020 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.239
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.053

Life history

Maximum lifespan
40 years
Adult weight
277.5 kg
Birth weight
510 g
Body temperature
37.3 °C
Female sexual maturity
3.6 years
Male sexual maturity
3.6 years
Gestation or incubation
103 days
Litter or clutch size
2
Litters per year
0.4

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 02252)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in captivity
Data quality
acceptable, large sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Updated in build 2
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome17,020 bp
Protein-coding11,341 bp
12S rRNA962 bp
16S rRNA1,579 bp
All tRNA1,508 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1957 bp29.5%29.2%13.3%28.1%41.38%−0.359+0.005
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,044 bp33.8%27.3%10.7%28.2%38.89%−0.448+0.107
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,545 bp25.9%31.1%19.1%23.9%43.04%−0.113−0.091
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II684 bp30.8%28.2%17.4%23.5%40.94%−0.150+0.045
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8204 bp36.3%27.0%10.8%26.0%36.77%−0.413+0.147
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6681 bp27.2%31.4%15.0%26.4%41.41%−0.277−0.073
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp27.0%30.1%16.1%26.8%42.86%−0.250−0.054
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3346 bp27.7%29.8%15.0%27.5%42.49%−0.293−0.035
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp25.9%33.0%15.5%25.6%41.08%−0.246−0.120
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,378 bp29.8%29.1%13.3%27.8%41.07%−0.353+0.012
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,821 bp31.7%28.2%12.4%27.7%40.03%−0.383+0.059
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6528 bp42.0%22.0%9.1%26.9%35.99%−0.495+0.314
CYTBCytochrome b1,140 bp28.8%26.9%14.5%29.8%44.30%−0.347+0.033
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA962 bp34.5%23.1%19.4%23.0%42.41%−0.083+0.199
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,579 bp36.3%24.3%18.2%21.2%39.39%−0.074+0.197

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,802 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%
UUU123
UUC115
Leu L15.9%
UUA87
UUG27
CUU71
CUC93
CUA255
CUG70
Ile I8.4%
AUU163
AUC157
Met M6.0%
AUA160
AUG70
Val V5.4%
GUU39
GUC49
GUA92
GUG27
Ser S7.4%
UCU53
UCC70
UCA86
UCG11
AGU27
AGC35
Pro P5.2%
CCU67
CCC59
CCA59
CCG12
Thr T8.0%
ACU87
ACC75
ACA128
ACG16
Ala A7.1%
GCU66
GCC90
GCA98
GCG15
Tyr Y3.5%
UAU67
UAC67
His H2.6%
CAU42
CAC55
Gln Q2.3%
CAA71
CAG17
Asn N3.7%
AAU66
AAC74
Lys K2.6%
AAA80
AAG20
Asp D1.8%
GAU30
GAC40
Glu E2.7%
GAA68
GAG33
Cys C0.7%
UGU9
UGC16
Trp W2.7%
UGA89
UGG15
Arg R1.7%
CGU4
CGC11
CGA41
CGG9
Gly G5.7%
GGU28
GGC49
GGA104
GGG35
Stop 0.3%
UAA6
UAG3
AGA1
AGG0

Genome map

37 annotated features in NC_003427.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (41.3%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 37 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA1,1391,20668 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA1,2072,168962 bp+42.4%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA2,1692,23466 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA2,2353,8131,579 bp+39.4%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA3,8153,88975 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene3,8924,848957 bp+41.4%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA4,8474,91670 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA4,9144,98673 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA4,9885,05669 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene5,0576,1001,044 bp+38.9%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA6,0996,16668 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA6,1756,24369 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA6,2446,31673 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA6,3506,41667 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA6,4166,48267 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene6,4848,0281,545 bp+43.0%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA8,0258,09672 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA8,1018,16767 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene8,1688,851684 bp+40.9%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA8,8558,92268 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene8,9259,128204 bp+36.8%
ATP6Protein-coding gene9,0869,766681 bp+41.4%
COX3Protein-coding gene9,76610,549784 bp+42.9%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA10,55010,61869 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene10,61910,964346 bp+42.5%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA10,96611,03469 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene11,03511,331297 bp+41.1%
ND4Protein-coding gene11,32512,7021,378 bp+41.1%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA12,70312,77169 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA12,77212,83059 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA12,83112,90070 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene12,90114,7211,821 bp+40.0%
ND6Protein-coding gene14,70515,232528 bp−36.0%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA15,23315,30169 bp−–
CYTBProtein-coding gene15,30616,4451,140 bp+44.3%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA16,44616,51570 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA16,51616,58065 bp−–

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