MitoAge

Alauda arvensis

Eurasian skylark

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Maximum lifespan
10.1 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
17,018 bp
RefSeq NC_020425.1
GC content
47.74%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,548 bp
D-loop 1,479 bp

Where Eurasian skylark sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Eurasian skylark has the 1,544th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Eurasian skylark
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Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,018 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.383
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.120

Life history

Maximum lifespan
10.1 years
Adult weight
37.5 g
Basal metabolic rate
0.722 W
Female sexual maturity
365 days
Male sexual maturity
365 days
Gestation or incubation
11 days
Litter or clutch size
3
Litters per year
1
Postnatal growth rate
0.605 per day

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 00769)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an animal in the wild
Data quality
acceptable, medium sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Updated in build 2
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome17,018 bp
Protein-coding11,378 bp
12S rRNA973 bp
16S rRNA1,587 bp
All tRNA1,541 bp
D-loop1,479 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1978 bp25.6%24.1%14.9%35.4%50.31%−0.407+0.029
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,040 bp29.3%23.0%11.2%36.5%47.69%−0.532+0.121
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,551 bp27.3%23.1%16.8%32.9%49.65%−0.325+0.083
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II684 bp28.8%22.7%15.5%33.0%48.54%−0.361+0.119
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8168 bp33.3%19.6%5.4%41.7%47.02%−0.772+0.258
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6684 bp28.7%21.9%10.2%39.2%49.42%−0.586+0.133
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp25.6%23.0%15.3%36.1%51.40%−0.404+0.055
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3351 bp24.8%25.1%13.1%37.0%50.14%−0.477−0.006
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp24.2%23.9%13.8%38.0%51.85%−0.468+0.007
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,378 bp28.7%22.0%11.5%37.8%49.27%−0.535+0.133
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,818 bp28.9%22.7%12.4%36.1%48.46%−0.489+0.121
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6519 bp38.2%13.3%11.0%37.6%48.56%−0.548+0.483
CYTBCytochrome b1,143 bp26.9%25.1%13.0%34.9%47.94%−0.456+0.035
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA973 bp30.2%19.7%21.8%28.3%50.05%−0.129+0.210
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,587 bp33.6%20.1%20.5%25.7%46.25%−0.112+0.252
D-loopControl region (D-loop)1,479 bp30.0%30.0%12.4%27.6%40.03%−0.378+0.001

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.8%
UUU53
UUC166
Leu L17.6%
UUA39
UUG9
CUU57
CUC192
CUA314
CUG59
Ile I7.5%
AUU61
AUC222
Met M4.1%
AUA104
AUG52
Val V5.0%
GUU31
GUC69
GUA70
GUG21
Ser S7.4%
UCU24
UCC119
UCA77
UCG6
AGU4
AGC51
Pro P6.1%
CCU30
CCC106
CCA87
CCG7
Thr T8.4%
ACU36
ACC152
ACA122
ACG10
Ala A8.6%
GCU40
GCC183
GCA89
GCG13
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU21
UAC89
His H2.7%
CAU13
CAC91
Gln Q2.5%
CAA82
CAG13
Asn N3.5%
AAU26
AAC106
Lys K2.2%
AAA82
AAG2
Asp D1.8%
GAU9
GAC59
Glu E2.3%
GAA73
GAG14
Cys C0.8%
UGU5
UGC25
Trp W2.8%
UGA102
UGG4
Arg R1.9%
CGU10
CGC17
CGA40
CGG4
Gly G5.9%
GGU22
GGC89
GGA78
GGG36
Stop 0.3%
UAA4
UAG3
AGA1
AGG2

Genome map

39 annotated features in NC_020425.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • D-loop2
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (47.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 39 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA16868 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA691,041973 bp+50.1%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA1,0421,11170 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA1,1122,6981,587 bp+46.3%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA2,6992,77375 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene2,7803,757978 bp+50.3%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA3,7663,83873 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA3,8453,91571 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA3,9153,98369 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene3,9845,0231,040 bp+47.7%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA5,0245,09370 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA5,0955,16369 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA5,1745,24673 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA5,2475,31367 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA5,3135,38371 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene5,3856,9351,551 bp+49.7%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA6,9276,99973 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA7,0047,07269 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene7,0797,762684 bp+48.5%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA7,7647,83269 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene7,8348,001168 bp+47.0%
ATP6Protein-coding gene7,9928,675684 bp+49.4%
COX3Protein-coding gene8,6819,464784 bp+51.4%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA9,4659,53369 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene9,5349,884351 bp+50.1%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA9,8869,95570 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene9,95710,253297 bp+51.9%
ND4Protein-coding gene10,24711,6241,378 bp+49.3%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA11,62511,69470 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA11,69511,76167 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA11,76111,83171 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene11,83213,6491,818 bp+48.5%
CYTBProtein-coding gene13,65814,8001,143 bp+47.9%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA14,80414,87269 bp+–
D-loopControl region14,87316,0241,152 bp–40.0%
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA16,02516,09470 bp−–
ND6Protein-coding gene16,10216,620519 bp−48.6%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA16,62116,69171 bp−–
D-loopControl region16,69217,018327 bp–40.0%

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