Order
Passeriformes
146 species in 43 families. Maximum lifespan ranges from 1.9 years (Hepatic Tanager) to 69 years (Common raven).
Species
146
with a complete mtDNA
Median GC
45.9%
Range 42.7–49.7%
Families
43
Largest: Fringillidae (30)
Overview
The Passeriformes tree
Select a clade to look insideOuter ring: Maximum lifespan, log scale
Each ring is one rank. Scroll or use + and − to zoom, drag to move; select a group to zoom into it, a species to open it.
Families of Passeriformes
43 families, by species count- Fringillidae24 genera30
- Corvidae7 genera19
- Hirundinidae5 genera7
- Petroicidae4 genera7
- Icteridae4 genera6
- Cardinalidae2 genera5
- Paridae3 genera4
- Sylviidae3 genera4
- Turdidae2 genera4
- Certhiidae3 genera3
- Estrildidae2 genera3
- Motacillidae1 genus3
- Passeridae2 genera3
- Phylloscopidae1 genus3
- Regulidae1 genus3
- Sturnidae3 genera3
- Alaudidae2 genera2
- Bombycillidae2 genera2
- Maluridae1 genus2
- Menuridae2 genera2
- Muscicapidae2 genera2
- Parulidae2 genera2
- Passerellidae2 genera2
- Prunellidae1 genus2
- Sittidae1 genus2
- Unknown family2 genera2
- Vireonidae1 genus2
- Zosteropidae1 genus2
- Acanthizidae1 genus1
- Acrocephalidae1 genus1
- Cinclidae1 genus1
- Corcoracidae1 genus1
- Emberizidae1 genus1
- Laniidae1 genus1
- Leiothrichidae1 genus1
- Meliphagidae1 genus1
- Mimidae1 genus1
- Monarchidae1 genus1
- Orthonychidae1 genus1
- Pardalotidae1 genus1
- Pycnonotidae1 genus1
- Thraupidae1 genus1
- Timaliidae1 genus1
Where Passeriformes sit among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Hover or tap a point; select it again to open the species.
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- Passeriformes (146)
- Other species
Longest-lived
Top 5 and the shortest-livedWhat tracks lifespan in Passeriformes
Top 10 of 204 mtDNA features by |ρ| · 41 with q < 0.05| Feature | n | r | ρ | q | PIC r | Partial r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length of ND6 (bp)Length | 140 | +0.29 | +0.35 | 0.012 (significant) | +0.04 | +0.03 |
| Length of ND2 (bp)Length | 140 | +0.26 | +0.34 | 0.026 (significant) | +0.03 | +0.08 |
| AT skew of ND5Strand skew | 140 | −0.37 | −0.33 | 0.001 (significant) | −0.23 | −0.01 |
| Gly (G) frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of sense codons)Amino acid | 140 | −0.24 | −0.31 | 0.037 (significant) | −0.09 | −0.14 |
| GC skew of ND6Strand skew | 140 | +0.29 | +0.31 | 0.012 (significant) | +0.09 | −0.07 |
| GC skew of all protein-coding genesStrand skew | 140 | +0.30 | +0.31 | 0.012 (significant) | +0.15 | +0.02 |
| UAC codon frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of codons)Codon | 140 | −0.28 | −0.30 | 0.014 (significant) | −0.20 | −0.12 |
| Perfect inverted repeat pairs bridging the ATP8-COX3 and ND5-CYTB spans (pairs) | 139 | +0.23 | +0.29 | 0.045 (significant) | +0.15 | +0.22 |
| GC skew of ND3Strand skew | 140 | +0.31 | +0.29 | 0.012 (significant) | −0.05 | +0.03 |
| UAU codon frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of codons)Codon | 140 | +0.25 | +0.29 | 0.030 (significant) | +0.17 | +0.09 |
Lifespan is log10-transformed. r is the Pearson and ρ the Spearman rank correlation across species. q corrects the p-value for testing 204 features at once (Benjamini–Hochberg); green marks q < 0.05.
PIC r uses phylogenetically independent contrasts, so related species do not count as independent evidence. Partial r holds log10 body mass constant, because big animals live longer. Bold values have p < 0.05. Select a feature to plot it against lifespan.
Species in Passeriformes
Select a column to sort20 species
| Corvus corax | Common raven | Corvidae | 69 yr | 16,928 bp | 43.77% |
| Oriolus chinensis | Black-naped oriole | Corvidae | 29 yr | 16,803 bp | 46.13% |
| Fringilla coelebs | Chaffinch | Fringillidae | 29 yr | 16,801 bp | 46.12% |
| Cardinalis cardinalis | Northern cardinal | Cardinalidae | 28.5 yr | 16,779 bp | 45.07% |
| Struthidea cinerea | Apostlebird | Corcoracidae | 25 yr | 16,931 bp | 44.59% |
| Corvus hawaiiensis | Hawaiian crow | Corvidae | 25 yr | 16,898 bp | 44.37% |
| Leucopsar rothschildi | Bali mynah | Sturnidae | 25 yr | 16,845 bp | 47.31% |
| Pyrrhocorax graculus | Alpine chough | Corvidae | 24.4 yr | 16,905 bp | 43.32% |
| Serinus canaria | House canary | Fringillidae | 24 yr | 16,805 bp | 44.91% |
| Sylvia borin | Garden warbler | Sylviidae | 24 yr | 17,971 bp | 45.16% |
| Corvus frugilegus | Rook | Corvidae | 23.8 yr | 16,931 bp | 44.27% |
| Quiscalus quiscula | Common grackle | Icteridae | 23.1 yr | 16,768 bp | 46.27% |
| Passer domesticus | House sparrow | Passeridae | 23 yr | 16,802 bp | 46.95% |
| Sturnus vulgaris | European starling | Sturnidae | 22.9 yr | 16,793 bp | 47.62% |
| Corvus coronoides | Australian raven | Corvidae | 22.5 yr | 16,925 bp | 43.98% |
| Corvus cryptoleucus | Chihuahuan raven | Corvidae | 21.8 yr | 16,928 bp | 43.71% |
| Turdus merula | Common blackbird, or Eurasian blackbird | Turdidae | 21.8 yr | 16,733 bp | 47.33% |
| Pica pica | Eurasian magpie | Corvidae | 21.7 yr | 16,939 bp | 43.39% |
| Prunella modularis | Hedge sparrow | Prunellidae | 20.8 yr | 16,832 bp | 45.76% |
| Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | Red-billed chough | Corvidae | 20.3 yr | 16,889 bp | 43.63% |