MitoAge

Spinus pinus

Pine siskin

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Retired record. RefSeq NC_025619.1 is not in NCBI RefSeq release 237 (mitochondrion.1.genomic.gbff.gz, file date 2026-09-03) (suppressed) and the release has no other complete mitogenome of NCBI species 2201931 (Spinus pinus); no longer qualifies under the RefSeq-only rule Its build 1 values are kept and it is left out of the correlations.

Maximum lifespan
11 yr
AnAge record
mtDNA size
16,812 bp
RefSeq NC_025619.1
GC content
45.19%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,331 bp
Including the D-loop

Where Pine siskin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Pine siskin has the 1,496th longest lifespan of them.

10203040501 yr10 yr100 yrMaximum lifespan, log scaleGC %Pine siskin
  • This species
  • Other birds
  • Other classes
Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,812 bp
GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
−0.386
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
+0.129

Life history

Maximum lifespan
11 years
Adult weight
12.7 g
Birth weight
1.1 g
Basal metabolic rate
0.3 W
Female sexual maturity
363 days
Gestation or incubation
13 days
Litter or clutch size
3
Litters per year
1

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 00917)

About this record

Lifespan source
AnAge build 15
Based on
an observed animal, origin not stated
Data quality
acceptable, medium sample
Licence
Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status
Retired
In the database since
build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed
build 2 (2026-11-13)
Earlier name
Carduelis pinus
  • The RefSeq record cited by build 1 now belongs to another species at NCBI.
  • Build 1 held another entry under the same NCBI taxon.

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq
Whole genome16,812 bp
Protein-coding11,378 bp
12S rRNA974 bp
16S rRNA1,597 bp
All tRNA1,541 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species
Composition
ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1978 bp28.9%26.5%12.8%31.8%44.58%−0.427+0.044
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 21,040 bp31.3%24.9%9.7%34.1%43.85%−0.557+0.113
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I1,551 bp28.4%25.2%15.7%30.6%46.32%−0.323+0.060
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II684 bp31.4%23.1%14.3%31.1%45.47%−0.370+0.153
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8168 bp30.4%26.8%7.1%35.7%42.86%−0.667+0.063
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6684 bp30.1%24.7%9.8%35.4%45.18%−0.566+0.099
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III784 bp28.6%23.2%14.9%33.3%48.21%−0.381+0.103
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3351 bp27.6%25.9%12.8%33.6%46.44%−0.448+0.032
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L297 bp27.6%23.6%11.4%37.4%48.82%−0.531+0.079
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 41,378 bp31.0%23.1%10.4%35.6%45.94%−0.548+0.146
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 51,818 bp30.9%23.1%11.4%34.5%45.99%−0.502+0.145
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6519 bp40.8%10.6%8.3%40.3%48.56%−0.659+0.588
CYTBCytochrome b1,143 bp28.8%24.6%12.9%33.8%46.63%−0.448+0.079
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA974 bp31.0%21.4%20.7%26.9%47.64%−0.129+0.184
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA1,597 bp34.5%22.0%19.8%23.7%43.46%−0.089+0.220

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

3,796 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.7%
UUU40
UUC176
Leu L17.6%
UUA55
UUG18
CUU56
CUC163
CUA346
CUG31
Ile I8.0%
AUU81
AUC223
Met M4.3%
AUA135
AUG27
Val V5.1%
GUU46
GUC42
GUA84
GUG21
Ser S7.6%
UCU46
UCC82
UCA91
UCG7
AGU7
AGC54
Pro P5.9%
CCU44
CCC79
CCA97
CCG4
Thr T8.4%
ACU48
ACC139
ACA127
ACG4
Ala A8.1%
GCU56
GCC135
GCA108
GCG7
Tyr Y2.9%
UAU27
UAC82
His H2.7%
CAU12
CAC92
Gln Q2.4%
CAA85
CAG8
Asn N3.5%
AAU17
AAC114
Lys K2.2%
AAA82
AAG2
Asp D1.7%
GAU13
GAC52
Glu E2.5%
GAA85
GAG9
Cys C0.8%
UGU5
UGC24
Trp W2.8%
UGA102
UGG4
Arg R1.9%
CGU6
CGC16
CGA43
CGG6
Gly G5.8%
GGU38
GGC58
GGA98
GGG27
Stop 0.3%
UAA6
UAG1
AGA2
AGG1

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_025619.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

  • Protein-coding13
  • rRNA2
  • tRNA22
  • D-loop1
  • Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
  • Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.2%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
FeatureTypeStartEndLengthStrandGC
D-loopControl region11,2291,229 bp––
tRNA-PheTransfer RNA1,2301,29768 bp+–
12S rRNARibosomal RNA1,2982,271974 bp+47.6%
tRNA-ValTransfer RNA2,2722,34170 bp+–
16S rRNARibosomal RNA2,3423,9381,597 bp+43.5%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)Transfer RNA3,9394,01375 bp+–
ND1Protein-coding gene4,0285,005978 bp+44.6%
tRNA-IleTransfer RNA5,0195,09274 bp+–
tRNA-GlnTransfer RNA5,0965,16671 bp−–
tRNA-MetTransfer RNA5,1665,23469 bp+–
ND2Protein-coding gene5,2356,2741,040 bp+43.9%
tRNA-TrpTransfer RNA6,2756,34470 bp+–
tRNA-AlaTransfer RNA6,3466,41469 bp−–
tRNA-AsnTransfer RNA6,4236,49573 bp−–
tRNA-CysTransfer RNA6,4966,56267 bp−–
tRNA-TyrTransfer RNA6,5626,63271 bp−–
COX1Protein-coding gene6,6348,1841,551 bp+46.3%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)Transfer RNA8,1768,24873 bp−–
tRNA-AspTransfer RNA8,2548,32269 bp+–
COX2Protein-coding gene8,3339,016684 bp+45.5%
tRNA-LysTransfer RNA9,0189,08669 bp+–
ATP8Protein-coding gene9,0889,255168 bp+42.9%
ATP6Protein-coding gene9,2469,929684 bp+45.2%
COX3Protein-coding gene9,93710,720784 bp+48.2%
tRNA-GlyTransfer RNA10,72110,78969 bp+–
ND3Protein-coding gene10,79011,140351 bp+46.4%
tRNA-ArgTransfer RNA11,14211,21170 bp+–
ND4LProtein-coding gene11,21311,509297 bp+48.8%
ND4Protein-coding gene11,50312,8801,378 bp+45.9%
tRNA-HisTransfer RNA12,88112,95070 bp+–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)Transfer RNA12,95113,01666 bp+–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)Transfer RNA13,01613,08671 bp+–
ND5Protein-coding gene13,08714,9041,818 bp+46.0%
CYTBProtein-coding gene14,91316,0551,143 bp+46.6%
tRNA-ThrTransfer RNA16,05916,12769 bp+–
tRNA-ProTransfer RNA16,14316,21270 bp−–
ND6Protein-coding gene16,22216,740519 bp−48.6%
tRNA-GluTransfer RNA16,74216,81271 bp−–

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