Spinus spinus

Eurasian siskin

Maximum lifespan

13.5 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,828 bp

RefSeq NC_015198.1

GC content

45.05%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,347 bp

D-loop 1,241 bp

Where Eurasian siskin sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Eurasian siskin has the 1,329th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other birds
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,828 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.388
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.128

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 13.5 years
Adult weight: 13.2 g
Female sexual maturity: 365 days
Male sexual maturity: 365 days

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 00919)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: Renamed in build 2
In the database since: build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed: build 2 (2026-11-13)
Earlier name: Carduelis spinus

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,828 bp

Protein-coding11,378 bp

12S rRNA976 bp

16S rRNA1,597 bp

All tRNA1,539 bp

D-loop1,241 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Spinus spinus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	978 bp	29.1%	26.6%	12.7%	31.6%	44.27%	−0.427	+0.046
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,040 bp	31.5%	24.8%	9.6%	34.0%	43.65%	−0.559	+0.119
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,551 bp	28.2%	25.3%	15.7%	30.8%	46.49%	−0.323	+0.055
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	684 bp	31.3%	23.2%	14.5%	31.0%	45.47%	−0.363	+0.147
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	31.0%	25.6%	6.5%	36.9%	43.45%	−0.699	+0.095
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.1%	24.4%	9.8%	35.7%	45.47%	−0.569	+0.105
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	784 bp	28.4%	23.5%	15.2%	32.9%	48.09%	−0.369	+0.096
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	28.8%	26.5%	11.4%	33.3%	44.73%	−0.490	+0.041
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.9%	23.9%	12.1%	37.0%	49.16%	−0.507	+0.060
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,378 bp	31.3%	23.8%	10.0%	34.9%	44.92%	−0.554	+0.136
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,818 bp	31.2%	22.8%	11.2%	34.9%	46.04%	−0.515	+0.156
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	40.5%	11.9%	8.5%	39.1%	47.59%	−0.644	+0.544
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	28.9%	24.3%	12.7%	34.1%	46.81%	−0.458	+0.086
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	976 bp	30.9%	20.8%	20.8%	27.5%	48.26%	−0.138	+0.196
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,597 bp	34.5%	21.9%	19.9%	23.7%	43.58%	−0.086	+0.223
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,241 bp	29.1%	28.5%	13.9%	28.5%	42.39%	−0.346	+0.010

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,797 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F5.7%

UUU40

UUC177

Leu L17.5%

UUA67

UUG13

CUU54

CUC164

CUA348

CUG20

Ile I8.0%

AUU79

AUC226

Met M4.2%

AUA135

AUG26

Val V5.1%

GUU43

GUC45

GUA83

GUG23

Ser S7.6%

UCU46

UCC85

UCA89

UCG7

AGU6

AGC54

Pro P5.9%

CCU41

CCC81

CCA98

CCG5

Thr T8.3%

ACU52

ACC135

ACA122

ACG7

Ala A8.1%

GCU65

GCC127

GCA108

GCG6

Tyr Y2.9%

UAU26

UAC83

His H2.7%

CAU11

CAC93

Gln Q2.4%

CAA85

CAG8

Asn N3.5%

AAU22

AAC110

Lys K2.2%

AAA84

AAG1

Asp D1.7%

GAU11

GAC54

Glu E2.5%

GAA88

GAG6

Cys C0.7%

UGU4

UGC24

Trp W2.8%

UGA103

UGG3

Arg R1.9%

CGU6

CGC16

CGA44

CGG5

Gly G5.9%

GGU31

GGC65

GGA104

GGG23

Stop 0.3%

UAA6

UAG1

AGA1

AGG2

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_015198.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (45.1%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Spinus spinus (NC_015198.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	68	68 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	69	1,044	976 bp	+	48.3%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,045	1,114	70 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,115	2,711	1,597 bp	+	43.6%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,712	2,786	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,801	3,778	978 bp	+	44.3%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,794	3,865	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,871	3,941	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,941	4,009	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,010	5,049	1,040 bp	+	43.7%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,050	5,119	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,121	5,189	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,198	5,270	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,271	5,337	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,337	5,407	71 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,409	6,959	1,551 bp	+	46.5%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	6,951	7,023	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,029	7,097	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,107	7,790	684 bp	+	45.5%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,792	7,860	69 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,862	8,029	168 bp	+	43.5%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,020	8,703	684 bp	+	45.5%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,711	9,494	784 bp	+	48.1%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,495	9,563	69 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,564	9,914	351 bp	+	44.7%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,916	9,985	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	9,987	10,283	297 bp	+	49.2%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,277	11,654	1,378 bp	+	44.9%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,655	11,724	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,725	11,790	66 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,790	11,860	71 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,861	13,678	1,818 bp	+	46.0%
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	13,687	14,829	1,143 bp	+	46.8%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	14,833	14,901	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	14,917	14,986	70 bp	−	–
ND6	Protein-coding gene	14,997	15,515	519 bp	−	47.6%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	15,517	15,587	71 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,588	16,828	1,241 bp	–	42.4%