Galeorhinus galeus

Tope shark

Maximum lifespan

55 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

18,735 bp

RefSeq NC_084376.1

GC content

37.68%

Whole genome

Non-coding

2,945 bp

D-loop 3 bp

Where Tope shark sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Tope shark has the 123rd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome18,735 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.300
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.004

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 55 years
Adult weight: 24.6 kg
Female sexual maturity: 12.6 years
Litter or clutch size: 24.9

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01777)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome18,735 bp

Protein-coding11,407 bp

12S rRNA952 bp

16S rRNA1,667 bp

All tRNA1,764 bp

D-loop3 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Galeorhinus galeus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	29.8%	31.2%	12.1%	26.9%	38.97%	−0.379	−0.022
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,045 bp	31.2%	30.6%	9.5%	28.7%	38.18%	−0.504	+0.009
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	27.2%	34.0%	16.1%	22.6%	38.73%	−0.168	−0.111
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	32.3%	29.2%	14.8%	23.7%	38.50%	−0.233	+0.049
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	36.9%	32.1%	7.1%	23.8%	30.95%	−0.538	+0.069
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	29.7%	35.2%	10.8%	24.3%	35.09%	−0.383	−0.086
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	28.4%	30.2%	15.8%	25.7%	41.48%	−0.239	−0.030
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	24.1%	32.1%	15.2%	28.7%	43.84%	−0.307	−0.143
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	24.2%	32.7%	12.8%	30.3%	43.10%	−0.406	−0.148
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.6%	31.9%	11.4%	27.1%	38.52%	−0.406	−0.037
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,830 bp	31.5%	32.3%	10.3%	25.8%	36.18%	−0.429	−0.012
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	40.2%	20.1%	9.2%	30.5%	39.66%	−0.536	+0.333
CYTBCytochrome b	1,145 bp	26.7%	34.2%	12.7%	26.4%	39.04%	−0.351	−0.123
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	952 bp	32.6%	25.2%	19.7%	22.5%	42.23%	−0.065	+0.127
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,667 bp	35.9%	27.3%	17.2%	19.7%	36.83%	−0.068	+0.136
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	3 bp	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%	100.00%	−1.000	–

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,808 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.4%

UUU147

UUC96

Leu L17.4%

UUA205

UUG19

CUU150

CUC97

CUA171

CUG19

Ile I8.8%

AUU241

AUC95

Met M4.3%

AUA127

AUG36

Val V4.8%

GUU62

GUC29

GUA79

GUG11

Ser S7.1%

UCU60

UCC57

UCA98

UCG3

AGU19

AGC34

Pro P5.5%

CCU53

CCC57

CCA98

CCG2

Thr T7.4%

ACU78

ACC75

ACA126

ACG4

Ala A7.4%

GCU73

GCC105

GCA100

GCG3

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU79

UAC44

His H2.7%

CAU46

CAC56

Gln Q2.5%

CAA85

CAG10

Asn N4.0%

AAU67

AAC85

Lys K2.2%

AAA81

AAG2

Asp D1.8%

GAU30

GAC40

Glu E2.6%

GAA88

GAG11

Cys C0.6%

UGU13

UGC11

Trp W3.2%

UGA111

UGG10

Arg R1.9%

CGU13

CGC17

CGA37

CGG6

Gly G6.0%

GGU50

GGC66

GGA89

GGG24

Stop 0.2%

UAA7

UAG0

AGA0

AGG1

Genome map

43 annotated features in NC_084376.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA25
D-loop3

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (37.7%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 43 features as a table

Annotated features of Galeorhinus galeus (NC_084376.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,021	952 bp	+	42.2%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,022	1,093	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,094	2,760	1,667 bp	+	36.8%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,761	2,835	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,836	3,810	975 bp	+	39.0%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,811	3,880	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,879	3,950	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,951	4,019	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,020	5,064	1,045 bp	+	38.2%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,065	5,135	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,137	5,205	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,206	5,278	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,314	5,382	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,384	5,453	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,455	7,011	1,557 bp	+	38.7%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,012	7,082	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,086	7,155	70 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,163	7,853	691 bp	+	38.5%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,854	7,927	74 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,929	8,096	168 bp	+	31.0%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,087	8,770	684 bp	+	35.1%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,770	9,555	786 bp	+	41.5%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,558	9,627	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,628	9,976	349 bp	+	43.8%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,977	10,046	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,047	10,343	297 bp	+	43.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,337	11,717	1,381 bp	+	38.5%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,718	11,786	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,787	11,853	67 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,854	11,925	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,926	13,755	1,830 bp	+	36.2%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,751	14,272	522 bp	−	39.7%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,273	14,342	70 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,345	15,489	1,145 bp	+	39.0%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,490	15,561	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,564	15,632	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	16,170	16,240	71 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	16,241	16,241	1 bp	–	100.0%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	16,849	16,919	71 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	16,920	16,920	1 bp	–	100.0%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	17,527	17,597	71 bp	+	–
D-loop	Control region	17,598	17,598	1 bp	–	100.0%