Somniosus microcephalus

Greenland shark

Maximum lifespan

392 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,730 bp

RefSeq NC_049864.1

GC content

39.26%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,139 bp

D-loop 1,070 bp

Where Greenland shark sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Greenland shark has the 2nd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,730 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.265
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.015

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 392 years
Female sexual maturity: 155.9 years

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01853)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, small sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,730 bp

Protein-coding11,413 bp

12S rRNA951 bp

16S rRNA1,675 bp

All tRNA1,552 bp

D-loop1,070 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Somniosus microcephalus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	29.0%	31.1%	12.5%	27.4%	39.90%	−0.373	−0.034
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	29.8%	29.7%	10.2%	30.2%	40.44%	−0.494	+0.002
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	27.3%	32.1%	16.3%	24.3%	40.59%	−0.196	−0.081
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	30.8%	30.5%	15.8%	22.9%	38.64%	−0.184	+0.005
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	39.3%	26.8%	8.9%	25.0%	33.93%	−0.474	+0.189
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	683 bp	29.4%	32.8%	10.2%	27.5%	37.78%	−0.457	−0.054
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	26.2%	30.4%	17.3%	26.1%	43.38%	−0.202	−0.074
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	24.9%	34.1%	15.5%	25.5%	40.97%	−0.245	−0.155
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	25.9%	32.7%	12.8%	28.6%	41.41%	−0.382	−0.115
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	30.1%	32.7%	12.1%	25.1%	37.22%	−0.350	−0.040
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,833 bp	31.1%	30.6%	11.9%	26.5%	38.35%	−0.380	+0.009
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	41.6%	18.6%	10.2%	29.7%	39.85%	−0.490	+0.382
CYTBCytochrome b	1,146 bp	27.1%	31.2%	13.7%	28.0%	41.71%	−0.343	−0.069
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	951 bp	32.0%	24.4%	19.9%	23.8%	43.64%	−0.089	+0.134
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,675 bp	35.7%	27.3%	17.1%	19.9%	37.02%	−0.077	+0.134
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,070 bp	32.8%	32.3%	14.1%	20.6%	34.74%	−0.186	+0.007

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.1%

UUU137

UUC97

Leu L17.6%

UUA222

UUG18

CUU137

CUC102

CUA170

CUG22

Ile I8.7%

AUU217

AUC116

Met M4.5%

AUA131

AUG39

Val V4.8%

GUU68

GUC32

GUA69

GUG15

Ser S6.9%

UCU49

UCC65

UCA92

UCG3

AGU24

AGC28

Pro P5.4%

CCU48

CCC46

CCA99

CCG11

Thr T7.5%

ACU67

ACC104

ACA103

ACG10

Ala A7.7%

GCU60

GCC123

GCA99

GCG10

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU79

UAC43

His H2.7%

CAU40

CAC61

Gln Q2.6%

CAA92

CAG7

Asn N3.6%

AAU62

AAC77

Lys K2.2%

AAA79

AAG5

Asp D1.9%

GAU30

GAC43

Glu E2.7%

GAA87

GAG16

Cys C0.6%

UGU10

UGC14

Trp W3.2%

UGA105

UGG15

Arg R1.9%

CGU10

CGC19

CGA41

CGG4

Gly G6.0%

GGU42

GGC66

GGA75

GGG46

Stop 0.2%

UAA7

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_049864.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (39.3%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Somniosus microcephalus (NC_049864.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,020	951 bp	+	43.6%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,021	1,092	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,093	2,767	1,675 bp	+	37.0%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,768	2,842	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,843	3,817	975 bp	+	39.9%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,820	3,891	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,891	3,962	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,963	4,031	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,032	5,077	1,046 bp	+	40.4%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,078	5,146	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,148	5,216	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,217	5,290	74 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,328	5,394	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,396	5,465	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,467	7,023	1,557 bp	+	40.6%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,024	7,094	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,098	7,167	70 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,172	7,862	691 bp	+	38.6%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,863	7,936	74 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,938	8,105	168 bp	+	33.9%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,096	8,778	683 bp	+	37.8%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,779	9,564	786 bp	+	43.4%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,567	9,636	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,637	9,985	349 bp	+	41.0%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,991	10,060	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,061	10,357	297 bp	+	41.4%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,351	11,731	1,381 bp	+	37.2%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,732	11,800	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,801	11,867	67 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,868	11,939	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,940	13,772	1,833 bp	+	38.4%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,769	14,290	522 bp	−	39.9%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,291	14,360	70 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,365	15,510	1,146 bp	+	41.7%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,512	15,584	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,587	15,655	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,656	16,725	1,070 bp	–	34.7%