Sphyrna tiburo

Bonnethead shark

Maximum lifespan

6.5 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,723 bp

RefSeq NC_028508.1

GC content

39.36%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,142 bp

D-loop 1,087 bp

Where Bonnethead shark sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Bonnethead shark has the 1,884th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,723 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.318
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.031

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 6.5 years
Adult weight: 5.9 kg
Female sexual maturity: 2.9 years
Male sexual maturity: 2.3 years
Litter or clutch size: 10

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01775)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,723 bp

Protein-coding11,407 bp

12S rRNA954 bp

16S rRNA1,669 bp

All tRNA1,551 bp

D-loop1,087 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Sphyrna tiburo genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	29.3%	29.5%	12.0%	29.1%	41.13%	−0.416	−0.003
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,045 bp	30.9%	28.0%	9.1%	32.0%	41.05%	−0.557	+0.049
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	27.2%	32.4%	16.1%	24.4%	40.46%	−0.206	−0.087
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	32.3%	30.2%	14.2%	23.3%	37.48%	−0.243	+0.032
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	35.1%	31.5%	8.3%	25.0%	33.33%	−0.500	+0.054
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	31.3%	31.9%	10.1%	26.8%	36.84%	−0.452	−0.009
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	27.6%	30.4%	15.6%	26.3%	41.99%	−0.255	−0.048
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	24.9%	31.8%	14.3%	28.9%	43.27%	−0.338	−0.121
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	23.6%	33.3%	12.5%	30.6%	43.10%	−0.422	−0.172
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.7%	30.6%	10.9%	28.8%	39.75%	−0.450	−0.014
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,830 bp	31.3%	29.5%	10.3%	29.0%	39.24%	−0.476	+0.031
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	42.5%	18.4%	8.4%	30.7%	39.08%	−0.569	+0.396
CYTBCytochrome b	1,145 bp	27.7%	31.2%	12.3%	28.8%	41.14%	−0.401	−0.059
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	954 bp	34.7%	24.5%	18.4%	22.3%	40.78%	−0.095	+0.172
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,669 bp	35.9%	27.0%	16.7%	20.4%	37.09%	−0.099	+0.141
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,087 bp	33.5%	32.8%	12.6%	21.1%	33.67%	−0.251	+0.010

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,808 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%

UUU124

UUC116

Leu L17.3%

UUA149

UUG23

CUU122

CUC136

CUA212

CUG15

Ile I9.0%

AUU178

AUC165

Met M4.3%

AUA139

AUG25

Val V4.6%

GUU60

GUC33

GUA71

GUG11

Ser S7.3%

UCU57

UCC74

UCA91

UCG4

AGU18

AGC33

Pro P5.5%

CCU61

CCC40

CCA107

CCG1

Thr T7.4%

ACU66

ACC95

ACA115

ACG6

Ala A7.4%

GCU86

GCC98

GCA95

GCG2

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU71

UAC49

His H2.8%

CAU45

CAC61

Gln Q2.5%

CAA88

CAG6

Asn N4.1%

AAU61

AAC95

Lys K2.2%

AAA80

AAG4

Asp D1.8%

GAU28

GAC41

Glu E2.6%

GAA95

GAG4

Cys C0.6%

UGU11

UGC13

Trp W3.2%

UGA113

UGG9

Arg R1.9%

CGU14

CGC15

CGA39

CGG4

Gly G5.9%

GGU57

GGC57

GGA80

GGG32

Stop 0.2%

UAA7

UAG0

AGA0

AGG1

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_028508.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (39.4%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Sphyrna tiburo (NC_028508.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	72	72 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	73	1,026	954 bp	+	40.8%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,027	1,098	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,099	2,767	1,669 bp	+	37.1%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,768	2,842	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,843	3,817	975 bp	+	41.1%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,818	3,886	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,888	3,959	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,960	4,028	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,029	5,073	1,045 bp	+	41.1%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,074	5,144	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,146	5,214	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,215	5,287	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,322	5,387	66 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,389	5,458	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,460	7,016	1,557 bp	+	40.5%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,017	7,087	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,091	7,160	70 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,168	7,858	691 bp	+	37.5%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,859	7,932	74 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,934	8,101	168 bp	+	33.3%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,092	8,775	684 bp	+	36.8%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,775	9,560	786 bp	+	42.0%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,563	9,632	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,633	9,981	349 bp	+	43.3%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,982	10,051	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,052	10,348	297 bp	+	43.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,342	11,722	1,381 bp	+	39.8%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,723	11,791	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,792	11,858	67 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,859	11,930	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,931	13,760	1,830 bp	+	39.2%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,756	14,277	522 bp	−	39.1%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,278	14,347	70 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,350	15,494	1,145 bp	+	41.1%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,495	15,565	71 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,568	15,636	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,637	16,723	1,087 bp	–	33.7%