Squalus acanthias

Spur dogfish

Maximum lifespan

75 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,738 bp

RefSeq NC_002012.1

GC content

38.78%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,146 bp

D-loop 1,080 bp

Where Spur dogfish sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Spur dogfish has the 57th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,738 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.262
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.007

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 75 years
Adult weight: 5 kg
Female sexual maturity: 21 years
Male sexual maturity: 8.7 years
Litter or clutch size: 8

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 01854)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: Updated in build 2
In the database since: build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,738 bp

Protein-coding11,415 bp

12S rRNA951 bp

16S rRNA1,676 bp

All tRNA1,550 bp

D-loop1,080 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Squalus acanthias genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	28.7%	31.0%	13.1%	27.2%	40.31%	−0.349	−0.038
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	29.9%	29.4%	10.1%	30.5%	40.63%	−0.501	+0.008
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	26.4%	33.0%	16.5%	24.1%	40.59%	−0.187	−0.111
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	31.4%	30.2%	15.3%	23.0%	38.35%	−0.200	+0.019
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	37.5%	31.0%	9.5%	22.0%	31.55%	−0.396	+0.096
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	30.7%	34.4%	10.2%	24.7%	34.94%	−0.414	−0.056
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	27.6%	32.6%	16.4%	23.4%	39.82%	−0.176	−0.082
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	351 bp	25.4%	32.8%	14.8%	27.1%	41.88%	−0.293	−0.127
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	25.9%	34.0%	13.5%	26.6%	40.07%	−0.328	−0.135
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.5%	31.8%	12.5%	26.3%	38.74%	−0.357	−0.038
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,833 bp	30.4%	30.7%	12.1%	26.8%	38.90%	−0.380	−0.005
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	522 bp	41.0%	21.3%	10.0%	27.8%	37.74%	−0.472	+0.317
CYTBCytochrome b	1,146 bp	27.0%	32.5%	13.4%	27.1%	40.49%	−0.336	−0.094
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	951 bp	32.5%	24.9%	19.6%	23.0%	42.59%	−0.081	+0.132
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,676 bp	35.3%	27.7%	17.1%	19.9%	36.99%	−0.074	+0.121
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,080 bp	34.4%	32.8%	13.1%	19.6%	32.78%	−0.198	+0.025

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,811 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.2%

UUU152

UUC85

Leu L17.4%

UUA227

UUG14

CUU138

CUC102

CUA155

CUG28

Ile I8.7%

AUU209

AUC121

Met M4.6%

AUA134

AUG40

Val V5.1%

GUU68

GUC39

GUA73

GUG14

Ser S6.9%

UCU45

UCC75

UCA83

UCG6

AGU24

AGC31

Pro P5.5%

CCU51

CCC53

CCA94

CCG11

Thr T7.1%

ACU62

ACC91

ACA111

ACG7

Ala A7.6%

GCU73

GCC111

GCA100

GCG4

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU63

UAC60

His H2.7%

CAU56

CAC48

Gln Q2.6%

CAA90

CAG9

Asn N3.6%

AAU63

AAC75

Lys K2.2%

AAA77

AAG7

Asp D1.9%

GAU32

GAC41

Glu E2.7%

GAA88

GAG13

Cys C0.6%

UGU15

UGC9

Trp W3.1%

UGA103

UGG17

Arg R1.9%

CGU13

CGC17

CGA41

CGG2

Gly G6.1%

GGU51

GGC56

GGA92

GGG32

Stop 0.3%

UAA8

UAG2

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_002012.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (38.8%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Squalus acanthias (NC_002012.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,020	951 bp	+	42.6%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,021	1,092	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,093	2,768	1,676 bp	+	37.0%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,769	2,842	74 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,843	3,817	975 bp	+	40.3%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,820	3,889	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,891	3,962	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,963	4,031	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,032	5,077	1,046 bp	+	40.6%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,078	5,146	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,148	5,216	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,217	5,290	74 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,328	5,394	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,397	5,466	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,468	7,024	1,557 bp	+	40.6%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,025	7,095	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,098	7,167	70 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,176	7,866	691 bp	+	38.4%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,867	7,940	74 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,942	8,109	168 bp	+	31.6%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,100	8,783	684 bp	+	34.9%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,783	9,568	786 bp	+	39.8%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,571	9,640	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,641	9,991	351 bp	+	41.9%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,994	10,063	70 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,064	10,360	297 bp	+	40.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,354	11,734	1,381 bp	+	38.7%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,735	11,803	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,804	11,870	67 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,871	11,942	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,943	13,775	1,833 bp	+	38.9%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,772	14,293	522 bp	−	37.7%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,294	14,363	70 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,368	15,513	1,146 bp	+	40.5%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,515	15,587	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,590	15,658	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,659	16,738	1,080 bp	–	32.8%