Order

Artiodactyla

135 species in 14 families. Maximum lifespan ranges from 9.3 years (Steenbok) to 77 years (Sperm whale).

Species

135

with a complete mtDNA

Lifespan range

9.3–77 yr

Longest: Sperm whale

Median GC

39.3%

Range 35.5–43.1%

Families

Largest: Bovidae (86)

The Artiodactyla tree

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Outer ring: Maximum lifespan, log scale

Each ring is one rank. Scroll or use + and − to zoom, drag to move; select a group to zoom into it, a species to open it.

Families of Artiodactyla

14 families, by species count

Where Artiodactyla sit among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Hover or tap a point; select it again to open the species.

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Artiodactyla (135)
Other species

Longest-lived

Top 5 and the shortest-lived

What tracks lifespan in Artiodactyla

Top 10 of 204 mtDNA features by |ρ| · 76 with q < 0.05

mtDNA features most correlated with log10 maximum lifespan in Artiodactyla (n = 134)
Feature	n	r	ρ	q	PIC r	Partial r
GCA codon frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of codons)Codon	134	−0.50	−0.42	5.5×10⁻⁸ (significant)	−0.20	−0.34
GC% of ND6Composition	134	+0.50	+0.40	5.8×10⁻⁸ (significant)	+0.11	+0.23
Homopyrimidine tracts >= 15 bp in the whole mtDNA (count)	134	−0.39	−0.40	4.5×10⁻⁵ (significant)	−0.04	−0.25
Ile (I) frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of sense codons)Amino acid	134	−0.49	−0.38	6.8×10⁻⁸ (significant)	−0.31	−0.33
GGC codon frequency in all protein-coding genes (% of codons)Codon	134	+0.43	+0.38	3.9×10⁻⁶ (significant)	−0.06	+0.23
A at fourfold-degenerate sites of all protein-coding genes (gene sense, %)	134	−0.38	−0.37	5.1×10⁻⁵ (significant)	−0.10	−0.30
GC% of tRNA genesComposition	134	+0.49	+0.37	8.3×10⁻⁸ (significant)	+0.26	+0.35
T(H) at fourfold-degenerate sites of the 12 + strand protein genes (heavy strand, %)	133	−0.37	−0.35	7.3×10⁻⁵ (significant)	−0.11	−0.31
GC skew of D-loopStrand skew	117	−0.27	−0.35	0.011 (significant)	−0.21	−0.09
Length of COX1 (bp)Length	134	+0.45	+0.32	1.6×10⁻⁶ (significant)	−0.07	+0.32

Lifespan is log₁₀-transformed. r is the Pearson and ρ the Spearman rank correlation across species. q corrects the p-value for testing 204 features at once (Benjamini–Hochberg); green marks q < 0.05.

PIC r uses phylogenetically independent contrasts, so related species do not count as independent evidence. Partial r holds log₁₀ body mass constant, because big animals live longer. Bold values have p < 0.05. Select a feature to plot it against lifespan.

Species in Artiodactyla

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20 species

Species in Artiodactyla

Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm whale	Physeteridae	77 yr	16,428 bp	43.06%
Eubalaena glacialis	North atlantic right whale	Balaenidae	67 yr	16,386 bp	41.23%
Hippopotamus amphibius	Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	61.2 yr	16,407 bp	42.56%
Aethalodelphis obliquidens	Pacific white-sided dolphin	Delphinidae	46 yr	16,392 bp	39.06%
Hexaprotodon liberiensis	Pygmy hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	42.3 yr	16,396 bp	42.07%
Delphinapterus leucas	Beluga	Monodontidae	40 yr	16,386 bp	40.57%
Giraffa camelopardalis	Giraffe	Giraffidae	39.5 yr	16,433 bp	39.62%
Bubalus depressicornis	Anoa	Bovidae	36.1 yr	16,357 bp	40.50%
Camelus bactrianus	Bactrian camel	Camelidae	35.4 yr	16,659 bp	41.92%
Damaliscus lunatus	Topi	Bovidae	35 yr	16,419 bp	41.35%
Bubalus bubalis	Water buffalo	Bovidae	34.9 yr	16,359 bp	40.69%
Lama guanicoe	Guanaco	Camelidae	33.7 yr	16,649 bp	40.84%
Bison bison	American bison	Bovidae	33.5 yr	16,319 bp	39.16%
Okapia johnstoni	Okapi	Giraffidae	33.5 yr	16,422 bp	41.44%
Syncerus caffer	African buffalo	Bovidae	32.8 yr	16,359 bp	39.80%
Steno bredanensis	Rough-toothed dolphin	Delphinidae	32 yr	16,386 bp	38.84%
Vicugna vicugna	Vicugna	Camelidae	31.6 yr	16,084 bp	40.53%
Cervus elaphus	Red deer	Cervidae	31.5 yr	16,357 bp	37.79%
Dicotyles tajacu	Collared peccary	Tayassuidae	31.5 yr	16,839 bp	40.47%
Kobus ellipsiprymnus	Waterbuck	Bovidae	30 yr	16,427 bp	38.52%