Dipturus trachyderma

Roughskin skate

Maximum lifespan

26 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,907 bp

RefSeq NC_027521.1

GC content

41.63%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,308 bp

D-loop 1,248 bp

Where Roughskin skate sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Roughskin skate has the 599th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,907 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.296
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.016

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 26 years
Female sexual maturity: 17 years
Litter or clutch size: 40

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01828)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,907 bp

Protein-coding11,411 bp

12S rRNA966 bp

16S rRNA1,676 bp

All tRNA1,546 bp

D-loop1,248 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Dipturus trachyderma genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	27.4%	27.9%	13.3%	31.4%	44.72%	−0.404	−0.009
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	29.7%	27.1%	10.5%	32.7%	43.21%	−0.513	+0.047
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	25.0%	31.5%	17.5%	25.9%	43.48%	−0.194	−0.116
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	32.0%	28.8%	15.9%	23.3%	39.22%	−0.188	+0.052
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	31.0%	29.8%	9.5%	29.8%	39.29%	−0.515	+0.020
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	27.2%	31.0%	12.0%	29.8%	41.81%	−0.427	−0.065
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	24.3%	28.1%	17.8%	29.8%	47.58%	−0.251	−0.073
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	22.1%	31.8%	15.5%	30.7%	46.13%	−0.329	−0.181
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	22.2%	31.0%	13.8%	33.0%	46.80%	−0.410	−0.165
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	27.7%	30.1%	13.1%	29.2%	42.29%	−0.380	−0.041
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	29.4%	29.7%	12.2%	28.7%	40.90%	−0.403	−0.005
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	43.2%	17.7%	10.2%	28.9%	39.11%	−0.478	+0.418
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	25.5%	30.3%	13.6%	30.5%	44.18%	−0.382	−0.085
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	966 bp	32.2%	25.5%	19.0%	23.3%	42.34%	−0.100	+0.117
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,676 bp	34.7%	25.8%	17.7%	21.8%	39.50%	−0.106	+0.148
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,248 bp	32.8%	32.8%	12.3%	22.1%	34.46%	−0.284	0.000

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%

UUU138

UUC101

Leu L17.9%

UUA130

UUG22

CUU142

CUC158

CUA176

CUG52

Ile I8.6%

AUU211

AUC116

Met M4.3%

AUA120

AUG45

Val V5.0%

GUU57

GUC59

GUA50

GUG26

Ser S6.8%

UCU46

UCC75

UCA81

UCG5

AGU22

AGC31

Pro P5.6%

CCU32

CCC84

CCA86

CCG12

Thr T7.5%

ACU64

ACC87

ACA120

ACG13

Ala A7.4%

GCU47

GCC145

GCA85

GCG5

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU50

UAC70

His H2.7%

CAU32

CAC70

Gln Q2.6%

CAA84

CAG15

Asn N3.7%

AAU64

AAC78

Lys K2.3%

AAA76

AAG11

Asp D1.8%

GAU26

GAC43

Glu E2.6%

GAA69

GAG31

Cys C0.6%

UGU9

UGC13

Trp W3.1%

UGA104

UGG15

Arg R1.8%

CGU14

CGC17

CGA31

CGG7

Gly G6.0%

GGU32

GGC92

GGA59

GGG45

Stop 0.2%

UAA8

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_027521.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (41.6%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Dipturus trachyderma (NC_027521.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	68	68 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	69	1,034	966 bp	+	42.3%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,035	1,106	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,107	2,782	1,676 bp	+	39.5%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,783	2,857	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,858	3,832	975 bp	+	44.7%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,833	3,902	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,902	3,973	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,975	4,043	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,044	5,089	1,046 bp	+	43.2%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,090	5,158	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,160	5,228	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,229	5,301	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,334	5,401	68 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,402	5,471	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,473	7,029	1,557 bp	+	43.5%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,030	7,100	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,101	7,169	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,175	7,865	691 bp	+	39.2%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,866	7,938	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,940	8,107	168 bp	+	39.3%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,098	8,781	684 bp	+	41.8%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,784	9,569	786 bp	+	47.6%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,571	9,640	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,641	9,989	349 bp	+	46.1%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,990	10,058	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,059	10,355	297 bp	+	46.8%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,349	11,729	1,381 bp	+	42.3%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,730	11,798	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,799	11,866	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,868	11,939	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,940	13,775	1,836 bp	+	40.9%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,772	14,290	519 bp	−	39.1%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,292	14,360	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,364	15,506	1,143 bp	+	44.2%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,510	15,582	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,591	15,659	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,660	16,907	1,248 bp	–	34.5%