Leucoraja erinaceus

Little skate

Maximum lifespan

8 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,724 bp

RefSeq NC_016429.1

GC content

40.25%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,120 bp

D-loop 1,060 bp

Where Little skate sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Little skate has the 1,733rd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,724 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.298
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.019

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 8 years
Female sexual maturity: 4 years
Male sexual maturity: 4.2 years
Litter or clutch size: 30

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge Build 15 (HAGRID 01829)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: Renamed in build 2
In the database since: build 1 (2015-07-01)
Last changed: build 2 (2026-11-13)
Earlier name: Leucoraja erinacea

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,724 bp

Protein-coding11,411 bp

12S rRNA967 bp

16S rRNA1,679 bp

All tRNA1,547 bp

D-loop1,060 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Leucoraja erinaceus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	27.7%	31.0%	12.5%	28.8%	41.33%	−0.395	−0.056
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	29.4%	26.9%	10.8%	32.9%	43.69%	−0.505	+0.046
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	26.4%	31.8%	16.5%	25.3%	41.81%	−0.210	−0.093
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	33.6%	28.8%	14.5%	23.2%	37.63%	−0.231	+0.077
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	32.7%	32.1%	7.7%	27.4%	35.12%	−0.559	+0.009
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	28.8%	31.4%	11.4%	28.4%	39.77%	−0.426	−0.044
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	25.7%	30.3%	16.5%	27.5%	44.02%	−0.249	−0.082
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	22.6%	33.0%	14.6%	29.8%	44.41%	−0.342	−0.186
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	25.3%	31.3%	13.8%	29.6%	43.43%	−0.364	−0.107
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.0%	28.9%	12.7%	29.5%	42.14%	−0.399	+0.001
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	30.2%	30.0%	11.7%	28.2%	39.82%	−0.415	+0.003
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	43.0%	19.1%	9.6%	28.3%	37.96%	−0.492	+0.385
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.2%	32.3%	12.5%	28.0%	40.51%	−0.382	−0.085
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	967 bp	32.4%	26.2%	18.7%	22.8%	41.47%	−0.097	+0.106
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,679 bp	35.1%	26.7%	17.2%	21.0%	38.24%	−0.100	+0.136
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,060 bp	32.7%	32.4%	13.3%	21.6%	34.91%	−0.238	+0.006

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.4%

UUU131

UUC113

Leu L17.6%

UUA180

UUG16

CUU145

CUC134

CUA170

CUG26

Ile I8.9%

AUU185

AUC153

Met M4.1%

AUA113

AUG42

Val V4.9%

GUU56

GUC47

GUA67

GUG16

Ser S6.7%

UCU48

UCC76

UCA74

UCG3

AGU19

AGC34

Pro P5.5%

CCU42

CCC68

CCA96

CCG5

Thr T7.8%

ACU66

ACC93

ACA127

ACG10

Ala A7.5%

GCU69

GCC120

GCA91

GCG6

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU61

UAC59

His H2.7%

CAU46

CAC58

Gln Q2.6%

CAA92

CAG8

Asn N3.7%

AAU61

AAC80

Lys K2.2%

AAA75

AAG9

Asp D1.8%

GAU33

GAC35

Glu E2.7%

GAA86

GAG15

Cys C0.6%

UGU9

UGC14

Trp W3.1%

UGA106

UGG13

Arg R1.8%

CGU11

CGC19

CGA37

CGG3

Gly G6.0%

GGU42

GGC64

GGA76

GGG47

Stop 0.2%

UAA8

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_016429.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (40.3%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Leucoraja erinaceus (NC_016429.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,036	967 bp	+	41.5%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,037	1,108	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,109	2,787	1,679 bp	+	38.2%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,788	2,862	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,863	3,837	975 bp	+	41.3%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,838	3,907	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,907	3,978	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,980	4,048	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,049	5,094	1,046 bp	+	43.7%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,095	5,163	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,165	5,233	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,234	5,306	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,339	5,406	68 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,407	5,476	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,478	7,034	1,557 bp	+	41.8%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,035	7,105	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,106	7,174	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,181	7,871	691 bp	+	37.6%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,872	7,944	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,946	8,113	168 bp	+	35.1%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,104	8,787	684 bp	+	39.8%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,790	9,575	786 bp	+	44.0%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,577	9,646	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,647	9,995	349 bp	+	44.4%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,996	10,064	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,065	10,361	297 bp	+	43.4%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,355	11,735	1,381 bp	+	42.1%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,736	11,804	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,805	11,872	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,873	11,944	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,945	13,780	1,836 bp	+	39.8%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,777	14,295	519 bp	−	38.0%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,297	14,365	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,369	15,511	1,143 bp	+	40.5%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,515	15,587	73 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,596	15,664	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,665	16,724	1,060 bp	–	34.9%