Raja asterias

Starry skate

Maximum lifespan

6.3 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,920 bp

RefSeq NC_037970.1

GC content

41.25%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,314 bp

D-loop 1,253 bp

Where Starry skate sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Starry skate has the 1,892nd longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,920 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.318
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.033

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 6.3 years
Female sexual maturity: 3.7 years
Litter or clutch size: 73

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01833)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,920 bp

Protein-coding11,411 bp

12S rRNA967 bp

16S rRNA1,683 bp

All tRNA1,545 bp

D-loop1,253 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Raja asterias genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	28.1%	28.1%	12.8%	31.0%	43.80%	−0.415	0.000
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	30.2%	26.9%	10.0%	32.9%	42.93%	−0.532	+0.059
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	25.9%	31.3%	16.8%	26.1%	42.84%	−0.217	−0.094
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	32.4%	28.9%	15.6%	23.0%	38.64%	−0.191	+0.057
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	31.5%	32.1%	8.3%	28.0%	36.31%	−0.541	−0.009
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	28.1%	31.1%	11.0%	29.8%	40.79%	−0.462	−0.052
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	25.7%	27.9%	16.8%	29.6%	46.44%	−0.277	−0.040
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	23.5%	30.9%	14.3%	31.2%	45.56%	−0.371	−0.137
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	23.9%	31.0%	12.8%	32.3%	45.12%	−0.433	−0.129
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	28.6%	29.0%	12.1%	30.3%	42.43%	−0.430	−0.006
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	30.2%	27.9%	11.7%	30.2%	41.94%	−0.442	+0.039
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	44.7%	17.9%	9.1%	28.3%	37.38%	−0.515	+0.428
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	26.5%	29.2%	12.8%	31.5%	44.27%	−0.423	−0.049
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	967 bp	32.6%	25.7%	18.8%	22.9%	41.68%	−0.097	+0.117
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,683 bp	35.0%	26.3%	17.3%	21.3%	38.68%	−0.103	+0.141
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,253 bp	32.6%	33.0%	12.3%	22.2%	34.48%	−0.287	−0.006

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.2%

UUU122

UUC116

Leu L17.8%

UUA129

UUG27

CUU139

CUC165

CUA184

CUG34

Ile I8.8%

AUU184

AUC151

Met M4.2%

AUA121

AUG38

Val V4.9%

GUU51

GUC57

GUA63

GUG15

Ser S6.6%

UCU48

UCC69

UCA81

UCG5

AGU17

AGC32

Pro P5.6%

CCU41

CCC74

CCA87

CCG10

Thr T7.7%

ACU56

ACC95

ACA136

ACG7

Ala A7.4%

GCU48

GCC142

GCA88

GCG3

Tyr Y3.2%

UAU56

UAC65

His H2.6%

CAU36

CAC64

Gln Q2.6%

CAA91

CAG9

Asn N3.9%

AAU61

AAC87

Lys K2.3%

AAA78

AAG8

Asp D1.8%

GAU23

GAC47

Glu E2.6%

GAA82

GAG17

Cys C0.6%

UGU11

UGC13

Trp W3.1%

UGA106

UGG13

Arg R1.8%

CGU12

CGC20

CGA32

CGG5

Gly G6.0%

GGU31

GGC91

GGA71

GGG36

Stop 0.2%

UAA8

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_037970.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (41.2%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Raja asterias (NC_037970.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,036	967 bp	+	41.7%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,037	1,108	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,109	2,791	1,683 bp	+	38.7%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,792	2,866	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,867	3,841	975 bp	+	43.8%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,842	3,911	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,911	3,982	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,984	4,052	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,053	5,098	1,046 bp	+	42.9%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,099	5,167	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,169	5,237	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,238	5,310	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,343	5,409	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,410	5,479	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,481	7,037	1,557 bp	+	42.8%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,039	7,109	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,110	7,178	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,184	7,874	691 bp	+	38.6%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,875	7,947	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,949	8,116	168 bp	+	36.3%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,107	8,790	684 bp	+	40.8%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,793	9,578	786 bp	+	46.4%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,580	9,649	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,650	9,998	349 bp	+	45.6%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,999	10,067	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,068	10,364	297 bp	+	45.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,358	11,738	1,381 bp	+	42.4%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,739	11,807	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,808	11,875	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,877	11,948	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,949	13,784	1,836 bp	+	41.9%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,781	14,299	519 bp	−	37.4%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,301	14,369	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,373	15,515	1,143 bp	+	44.3%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,519	15,590	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,599	15,667	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,668	16,920	1,253 bp	–	34.5%