Raja clavata
Thornback ray
GC content
41.24%
Whole genome
Non-coding
1,314 bp
D-loop 1,253 bp
Where Thornback ray sits among 2,335 species
Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Thornback ray has the 1,421st longest lifespan of them.
- This species
- Other sharks and rays
- Other classes
Base composition
Whole genome16,920 bp
- GC skew (G − C) / (G + C)
- −0.318
- AT skew (A − T) / (A + T)
- +0.033
Life history
- Maximum lifespan
- 12 years
- Adult weight
- 9.9 kg
- Female sexual maturity
- 10 years
- Male sexual maturity
- 10 years
- Litter or clutch size
- 142
Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01836)
About this record
- Lifespan source
- AnAge build 15
- Based on
- an animal in the wild
- Data quality
- acceptable, medium sample
- Licence
- Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
- Status
- New in build 2
- In the database since
- build 2 (2026-11-13)
Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.
Composition by region
Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeqWhole genome16,920 bp
Protein-coding11,411 bp
12S rRNA967 bp
16S rRNA1,683 bp
All tRNA1,545 bp
D-loop1,253 bp
Genes and regions
Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species| Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 | 975 bp | 43.90% | −0.416 | −0.002 | |||||
| ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1,046 bp | 42.83% | −0.536 | +0.064 | |||||
| COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I | 1,557 bp | 42.84% | −0.217 | −0.094 | |||||
| COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II | 691 bp | 38.64% | −0.191 | +0.057 | |||||
| ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 | 168 bp | 36.31% | −0.541 | −0.009 | |||||
| ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 | 684 bp | 40.79% | −0.462 | −0.052 | |||||
| COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III | 786 bp | 46.57% | −0.279 | −0.038 | |||||
| ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 | 349 bp | 45.27% | −0.380 | −0.131 | |||||
| ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L | 297 bp | 45.12% | −0.433 | −0.129 | |||||
| ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 | 1,381 bp | 42.51% | −0.431 | −0.005 | |||||
| ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 | 1,836 bp | 41.94% | −0.442 | +0.039 | |||||
| ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 | 519 bp | 37.38% | −0.515 | +0.428 | |||||
| CYTBCytochrome b | 1,143 bp | 44.18% | −0.422 | −0.047 | |||||
| 12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA | 967 bp | 41.57% | −0.095 | +0.115 | |||||
| 16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA | 1,683 bp | 38.74% | −0.101 | +0.141 | |||||
| D-loopControl region (D-loop) | 1,253 bp | 34.40% | −0.290 | −0.005 |
Codon usage
Counts per codon, darker is more frequent3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).
Phe F6.2%
UUU122
UUC116
Leu L17.7%
UUA128
UUG28
CUU138
CUC166
CUA184
CUG32
Ile I8.8%
AUU185
AUC150
Met M4.2%
AUA122
AUG38
Val V4.9%
GUU51
GUC57
GUA63
GUG15
Ser S6.6%
UCU47
UCC70
UCA81
UCG5
AGU17
AGC32
Pro P5.6%
CCU41
CCC74
CCA89
CCG8
Thr T7.7%
ACU56
ACC96
ACA136
ACG7
Ala A7.4%
GCU48
GCC142
GCA88
GCG3
Tyr Y3.2%
UAU56
UAC65
His H2.6%
CAU35
CAC65
Gln Q2.6%
CAA91
CAG9
Asn N3.9%
AAU61
AAC87
Lys K2.3%
AAA78
AAG8
Asp D1.8%
GAU23
GAC47
Glu E2.6%
GAA82
GAG17
Cys C0.6%
UGU11
UGC13
Trp W3.1%
UGA105
UGG14
Arg R1.8%
CGU12
CGC20
CGA32
CGG5
Gly G6.0%
GGU31
GGC91
GGA71
GGG36
Stop 0.2%
UAA8
UAG1
AGA0
AGG0
Genome map
38 annotated features in NC_037972.1Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.
- Protein-coding13
- rRNA2
- tRNA22
- D-loop1
- Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
- Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (41.2%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).
All 38 features as a table
| Feature | Type | Start | End | Length | Strand | GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA-Phe | Transfer RNA | 1 | 69 | 69 bp | + | – |
| 12S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 70 | 1,036 | 967 bp | + | 41.6% |
| tRNA-Val | Transfer RNA | 1,037 | 1,108 | 72 bp | + | – |
| 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | 1,109 | 2,791 | 1,683 bp | + | 38.7% |
| tRNA-Leu (UUR) | Transfer RNA | 2,792 | 2,866 | 75 bp | + | – |
| ND1 | Protein-coding gene | 2,867 | 3,841 | 975 bp | + | 43.9% |
| tRNA-Ile | Transfer RNA | 3,842 | 3,911 | 70 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Gln | Transfer RNA | 3,911 | 3,982 | 72 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Met | Transfer RNA | 3,984 | 4,052 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND2 | Protein-coding gene | 4,053 | 5,098 | 1,046 bp | + | 42.8% |
| tRNA-Trp | Transfer RNA | 5,099 | 5,167 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ala | Transfer RNA | 5,169 | 5,237 | 69 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asn | Transfer RNA | 5,238 | 5,310 | 73 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Cys | Transfer RNA | 5,343 | 5,409 | 67 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Tyr | Transfer RNA | 5,410 | 5,479 | 70 bp | − | – |
| COX1 | Protein-coding gene | 5,481 | 7,037 | 1,557 bp | + | 42.8% |
| tRNA-Ser (UCN) | Transfer RNA | 7,039 | 7,109 | 71 bp | − | – |
| tRNA-Asp | Transfer RNA | 7,110 | 7,178 | 69 bp | + | – |
| COX2 | Protein-coding gene | 7,184 | 7,874 | 691 bp | + | 38.6% |
| tRNA-Lys | Transfer RNA | 7,875 | 7,947 | 73 bp | + | – |
| ATP8 | Protein-coding gene | 7,949 | 8,116 | 168 bp | + | 36.3% |
| ATP6 | Protein-coding gene | 8,107 | 8,790 | 684 bp | + | 40.8% |
| COX3 | Protein-coding gene | 8,793 | 9,578 | 786 bp | + | 46.6% |
| tRNA-Gly | Transfer RNA | 9,580 | 9,649 | 70 bp | + | – |
| ND3 | Protein-coding gene | 9,650 | 9,998 | 349 bp | + | 45.3% |
| tRNA-Arg | Transfer RNA | 9,999 | 10,067 | 69 bp | + | – |
| ND4L | Protein-coding gene | 10,068 | 10,364 | 297 bp | + | 45.1% |
| ND4 | Protein-coding gene | 10,358 | 11,738 | 1,381 bp | + | 42.5% |
| tRNA-His | Transfer RNA | 11,739 | 11,807 | 69 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Ser (AGY) | Transfer RNA | 11,808 | 11,875 | 68 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Leu (CUN) | Transfer RNA | 11,877 | 11,948 | 72 bp | + | – |
| ND5 | Protein-coding gene | 11,949 | 13,784 | 1,836 bp | + | 41.9% |
| ND6 | Protein-coding gene | 13,781 | 14,299 | 519 bp | − | 37.4% |
| tRNA-Glu | Transfer RNA | 14,301 | 14,369 | 69 bp | − | – |
| CYTB | Protein-coding gene | 14,373 | 15,515 | 1,143 bp | + | 44.2% |
| tRNA-Thr | Transfer RNA | 15,519 | 15,590 | 72 bp | + | – |
| tRNA-Pro | Transfer RNA | 15,599 | 15,667 | 69 bp | − | – |
| D-loop | Control region | 15,668 | 16,920 | 1,253 bp | – | 34.4% |