Raja miraletus

Brown ray

Maximum lifespan

8.2 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

16,920 bp

RefSeq NC_037973.1

GC content

40.52%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,314 bp

D-loop 1,253 bp

Where Brown ray sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Brown ray has the 1,714th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome16,920 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.318
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.033

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 8.2 years
Female sexual maturity: 2.3 years
Litter or clutch size: 61

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01838)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome16,920 bp

Protein-coding11,411 bp

12S rRNA968 bp

16S rRNA1,682 bp

All tRNA1,545 bp

D-loop1,253 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Raja miraletus genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	29.4%	28.4%	11.6%	30.6%	42.15%	−0.450	+0.018
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,046 bp	31.2%	27.7%	9.7%	31.5%	41.11%	−0.530	+0.058
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	26.5%	31.7%	16.6%	25.3%	41.88%	−0.209	−0.090
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	32.9%	27.9%	15.3%	23.9%	39.22%	−0.218	+0.081
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	32.1%	32.7%	8.3%	26.8%	35.12%	−0.525	−0.009
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	28.2%	31.3%	10.8%	29.7%	40.50%	−0.466	−0.052
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	26.1%	27.9%	16.5%	29.5%	46.06%	−0.282	−0.033
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	23.2%	31.8%	15.2%	29.8%	44.99%	−0.325	−0.156
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	24.9%	32.0%	12.8%	30.3%	43.10%	−0.406	−0.124
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.3%	29.9%	11.5%	29.3%	40.84%	−0.436	−0.011
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	30.4%	28.4%	11.8%	29.4%	41.12%	−0.428	+0.034
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	44.1%	18.7%	9.4%	27.7%	37.19%	−0.492	+0.405
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.1%	29.1%	12.3%	31.4%	43.75%	−0.436	−0.036
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	968 bp	32.4%	26.1%	18.7%	22.7%	41.43%	−0.097	+0.108
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,682 bp	35.1%	26.3%	17.2%	21.4%	38.59%	−0.109	+0.142
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,253 bp	32.6%	33.5%	12.1%	21.7%	33.84%	−0.283	−0.013

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,809 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%

UUU120

UUC119

Leu L17.8%

UUA158

UUG23

CUU142

CUC147

CUA180

CUG29

Ile I8.9%

AUU190

AUC148

Met M4.1%

AUA121

AUG36

Val V4.8%

GUU48

GUC54

GUA68

GUG13

Ser S6.6%

UCU46

UCC67

UCA86

UCG3

AGU18

AGC32

Pro P5.6%

CCU41

CCC61

CCA108

CCG3

Thr T7.9%

ACU56

ACC100

ACA136

ACG8

Ala A7.2%

GCU54

GCC134

GCA80

GCG8

Tyr Y3.1%

UAU49

UAC69

His H2.7%

CAU37

CAC67

Gln Q2.6%

CAA98

CAG2

Asn N3.9%

AAU64

AAC83

Lys K2.3%

AAA80

AAG6

Asp D1.8%

GAU24

GAC45

Glu E2.6%

GAA81

GAG18

Cys C0.6%

UGU11

UGC12

Trp W3.1%

UGA105

UGG14

Arg R1.8%

CGU13

CGC20

CGA30

CGG6

Gly G6.0%

GGU40

GGC79

GGA79

GGG31

Stop 0.2%

UAA8

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_037973.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (40.5%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Raja miraletus (NC_037973.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	70	1,037	968 bp	+	41.4%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,038	1,109	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,110	2,791	1,682 bp	+	38.6%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,792	2,866	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,867	3,841	975 bp	+	42.2%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,842	3,911	70 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,911	3,982	72 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,984	4,052	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,053	5,098	1,046 bp	+	41.1%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,099	5,167	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,169	5,237	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,238	5,310	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,343	5,409	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,410	5,479	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,481	7,037	1,557 bp	+	41.9%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,039	7,109	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,110	7,178	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,184	7,874	691 bp	+	39.2%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,875	7,947	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,949	8,116	168 bp	+	35.1%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,107	8,790	684 bp	+	40.5%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,793	9,578	786 bp	+	46.1%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,580	9,649	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,650	9,998	349 bp	+	45.0%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,999	10,067	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,068	10,364	297 bp	+	43.1%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,358	11,738	1,381 bp	+	40.8%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,739	11,807	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,808	11,875	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,877	11,948	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,949	13,784	1,836 bp	+	41.1%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,781	14,299	519 bp	−	37.2%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,301	14,369	69 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,373	15,515	1,143 bp	+	43.8%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,519	15,590	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,599	15,667	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,668	16,920	1,253 bp	–	33.8%