Raja undulata

Undulate ray

Maximum lifespan

13 yr

AnAge record

mtDNA size

17,127 bp

RefSeq NC_059939.1

GC content

39.60%

Whole genome

Non-coding

1,658 bp

D-loop 1,460 bp

Where Undulate ray sits among 2,335 species

Whole-genome GC content against maximum lifespan. Undulate ray has the 1,366th longest lifespan of them.

This species
Other sharks and rays
Other classes

Plot other mtDNA features with this species highlighted

Base composition

Whole genome17,127 bp

GC skew (G − C) / (G + C): −0.324
AT skew (A − T) / (A + T): +0.030

Life history

Maximum lifespan: 13 years
Female sexual maturity: 9 years

Lifespan from AnAge · AnAge record · other traits from AnAge build 15 (HAGRID 01842)

About this record

Lifespan source: AnAge build 15
Based on: an animal in the wild
Data quality: acceptable, medium sample
Licence: Free to use, subject to the Human Ageing Genomic Resources conditions of use
Status: New in build 2
In the database since: build 2 (2026-11-13)

Every change against the 2015 build is in the changelog download.

Composition by region

Reference (L) strand as deposited in RefSeq

Whole genome17,127 bp

Protein-coding11,412 bp

12S rRNA958 bp

16S rRNA1,553 bp

All tRNA1,546 bp

D-loop1,460 bp

Genes and regions

Select a column to sort; select a gene to compare it across species

Base composition of Raja undulata genes

ND1NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1	975 bp	29.0%	28.9%	11.8%	30.3%	42.05%	−0.439	+0.002
ND2NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2	1,047 bp	31.9%	28.0%	9.1%	31.0%	40.12%	−0.548	+0.065
COX1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	1,557 bp	26.8%	31.9%	15.9%	25.4%	41.36%	−0.230	−0.087
COX2Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	691 bp	33.4%	28.9%	14.9%	22.7%	37.63%	−0.208	+0.072
ATP8ATP synthase F0 subunit 8	168 bp	33.3%	31.0%	7.7%	28.0%	35.71%	−0.567	+0.037
ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6	684 bp	28.2%	30.7%	10.7%	30.4%	41.08%	−0.480	−0.042
COX3Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III	786 bp	26.5%	28.5%	15.9%	29.1%	45.04%	−0.294	−0.037
ND3NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3	349 bp	24.1%	32.1%	13.5%	30.4%	43.84%	−0.386	−0.143
ND4LNADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L	297 bp	26.9%	31.3%	11.1%	30.6%	41.75%	−0.468	−0.075
ND4NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4	1,381 bp	29.5%	30.8%	11.7%	28.1%	39.75%	−0.413	−0.022
ND5NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5	1,836 bp	31.0%	29.8%	11.0%	28.2%	39.22%	−0.439	+0.020
ND6NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6	519 bp	44.3%	18.3%	9.2%	28.1%	37.38%	−0.505	+0.415
CYTBCytochrome b	1,143 bp	27.4%	30.4%	12.0%	30.3%	42.26%	−0.433	−0.052
12S rRNA12S ribosomal RNA	958 bp	32.7%	25.9%	18.7%	22.8%	41.44%	−0.098	+0.116
16S rRNA16S ribosomal RNA	1,553 bp	35.1%	25.9%	17.5%	21.5%	38.96%	−0.104	+0.150
D-loopControl region (D-loop)	1,460 bp	33.5%	34.1%	11.2%	21.2%	32.40%	−0.307	−0.009

Codon usage

Counts per codon, darker is more frequent

Gene

3,810 codons in all protein-coding genes. Grouped with the Vertebrate mitochondrial code (NCBI table 2).

Phe F6.3%

UUU132

UUC108

Leu L17.7%

UUA148

UUG18

CUU151

CUC148

CUA189

CUG22

Ile I9.1%

AUU210

AUC138

Met M4.3%

AUA127

AUG35

Val V4.7%

GUU54

GUC46

GUA70

GUG10

Ser S6.6%

UCU49

UCC68

UCA84

UCG2

AGU19

AGC29

Pro P5.5%

CCU40

CCC62

CCA104

CCG3

Thr T7.6%

ACU60

ACC89

ACA138

ACG4

Ala A7.2%

GCU52

GCC133

GCA87

GCG4

Tyr Y3.1%

UAU64

UAC56

His H2.7%

CAU44

CAC59

Gln Q2.6%

CAA95

CAG5

Asn N3.9%

AAU62

AAC86

Lys K2.3%

AAA82

AAG5

Asp D1.8%

GAU27

GAC43

Glu E2.6%

GAA86

GAG12

Cys C0.6%

UGU11

UGC13

Trp W3.1%

UGA108

UGG11

Arg R1.8%

CGU12

CGC20

CGA35

CGG2

Gly G6.0%

GGU33

GGC86

GGA88

GGG22

Stop 0.3%

UAA9

UAG1

AGA0

AGG0

Genome map

38 annotated features in NC_059939.1

Hover, tap or tab to a feature to see its position, length, strand and GC content. Genes and rRNAs open their own pages.

Protein-coding13
rRNA2
tRNA22
D-loop1

Outer ring: + strand, arrows run clockwise. Inner ring: − strand.
Middle ring: GC% of each gene against the whole genome (39.6%, dashed): out is GC-richer, in is AT-richer (full height = 6 points).

All 38 features as a table

Annotated features of Raja undulata (NC_059939.1)
Feature	Type	Start	End	Length	Strand	GC
tRNA-Phe	Transfer RNA	1	69	69 bp	+	–
12S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	72	1,029	958 bp	+	41.4%
tRNA-Val	Transfer RNA	1,038	1,109	72 bp	+	–
16S rRNA	Ribosomal RNA	1,179	2,731	1,553 bp	+	39.0%
tRNA-Leu (UUR)	Transfer RNA	2,791	2,865	75 bp	+	–
ND1	Protein-coding gene	2,866	3,840	975 bp	+	42.1%
tRNA-Ile	Transfer RNA	3,842	3,910	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Gln	Transfer RNA	3,911	3,983	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Met	Transfer RNA	3,984	4,052	69 bp	+	–
ND2	Protein-coding gene	4,053	5,099	1,047 bp	+	40.1%
tRNA-Trp	Transfer RNA	5,100	5,167	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ala	Transfer RNA	5,169	5,237	69 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asn	Transfer RNA	5,238	5,310	73 bp	−	–
tRNA-Cys	Transfer RNA	5,343	5,409	67 bp	−	–
tRNA-Tyr	Transfer RNA	5,410	5,479	70 bp	−	–
COX1	Protein-coding gene	5,481	7,037	1,557 bp	+	41.4%
tRNA-Ser (UCN)	Transfer RNA	7,039	7,109	71 bp	−	–
tRNA-Asp	Transfer RNA	7,110	7,178	69 bp	+	–
COX2	Protein-coding gene	7,184	7,874	691 bp	+	37.6%
tRNA-Lys	Transfer RNA	7,875	7,947	73 bp	+	–
ATP8	Protein-coding gene	7,949	8,116	168 bp	+	35.7%
ATP6	Protein-coding gene	8,107	8,790	684 bp	+	41.1%
COX3	Protein-coding gene	8,793	9,578	786 bp	+	45.0%
tRNA-Gly	Transfer RNA	9,580	9,649	70 bp	+	–
ND3	Protein-coding gene	9,650	9,998	349 bp	+	43.8%
tRNA-Arg	Transfer RNA	9,999	10,067	69 bp	+	–
ND4L	Protein-coding gene	10,068	10,364	297 bp	+	41.8%
ND4	Protein-coding gene	10,358	11,738	1,381 bp	+	39.8%
tRNA-His	Transfer RNA	11,739	11,806	68 bp	+	–
tRNA-Ser (AGY)	Transfer RNA	11,808	11,876	69 bp	+	–
tRNA-Leu (CUN)	Transfer RNA	11,877	11,948	72 bp	+	–
ND5	Protein-coding gene	11,949	13,784	1,836 bp	+	39.2%
ND6	Protein-coding gene	13,781	14,299	519 bp	−	37.4%
tRNA-Glu	Transfer RNA	14,300	14,369	70 bp	−	–
CYTB	Protein-coding gene	14,373	15,515	1,143 bp	+	42.3%
tRNA-Thr	Transfer RNA	15,519	15,590	72 bp	+	–
tRNA-Pro	Transfer RNA	15,598	15,666	69 bp	−	–
D-loop	Control region	15,668	17,127	1,460 bp	–	32.4%