order · mtDNA statistics

Pleuronectiformes

35 species in 6 families. Every region of their mitochondrial genomes, side by side.

Group

species

45.6%

mean GC, whole genome

SD 1.7, range 39.6–47.2%

17,055

median genome length, bp

Range 15,973–18,017 bp

families

Regions

GC content of each region across Pleuronectiformes, % of A + C + G + T

Parameter

Chart

GC % of every region
Region
Whole genome	35	45.58%	1.69	0.037	39.59%Cynoglossus joyneri	46.06%	47.22%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.26	0.14
Protein-coding	35	46.32%	1.84	0.040	39.72%Cynoglossus joyneri	46.83%	48.36%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.24	0.16
All rRNA	35	46.46%	1.52	0.033	40.50%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	46.96%	47.52%Eopsetta jordani	0.40	0.02
All tRNA	35	45.25%	1.42	0.031	39.19%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	45.58%	46.58%Paralichthys lethostigma	0.31	0.07
12S rRNA	35	47.75%	1.11	0.023	44.14%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	48.16%	48.89%Pseudopleuronectes americanus	0.26	0.13
16S rRNA	35	45.75%	1.84	0.040	38.45%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	46.18%	47.17%Eopsetta jordani	0.42	0.01
D-loop	21	37.31%	3.14	0.084	30.10%Scophthalmus maximus	37.59%	42.00%Platichthys stellatus	0.40	0.07
ND1	35	46.99%	2.21	0.047	39.40%Cynoglossus joyneri	47.38%	50.26%Trinectes maculatus	0.07	0.68
ND2	35	47.96%	2.80	0.058	37.46%Cynoglossus joyneri	48.71%	51.15%Hippoglossus hippoglossus	0.34	0.05
COX1	35	45.83%	1.62	0.035	40.81%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	46.09%	48.19%Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus	0.16	0.36
COX2	35	44.40%	1.93	0.043	38.06%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	44.86%	47.03%Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus	0.15	0.39
ATP8	35	41.61%	2.31	0.056	37.50%Pelotretis flavilatus	41.67%	49.40%Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus	−0.18	0.3
ATP6	35	45.53%	1.97	0.043	38.86%Cynoglossus joyneri	45.61%	48.83%Lyopsetta exilis	0.23	0.18
COX3	35	48.07%	1.41	0.029	42.80%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	48.28%	50.57%Symphurus plagiusa	0.13	0.47
ND3	35	48.12%	2.15	0.045	41.26%Cynoglossus joyneri	48.71%	51.00%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.30	0.08
ND4L	35	50.13%	2.39	0.048	43.77%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	50.17%	53.54%Lepidopsetta polyxystra	0.24	0.17
ND4	35	45.77%	2.18	0.048	38.17%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	46.27%	49.31%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.30	0.08
ND5	35	45.19%	2.00	0.044	38.24%Cynoglossus abbreviatus	45.87%	47.31%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.28	0.11
ND6	35	46.73%	2.67	0.057	37.36%Cynoglossus joyneri	46.93%	51.15%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	0.14	0.43
CYTB	35	46.47%	1.85	0.040	40.58%Cynoglossus joyneri	46.80%	50.88%Symphurus plagiusa	0.20	0.24

Families of Pleuronectiformes

GC content of the whole genome, % of A + C + G + T

Region

Parameter

Chart

Families of Pleuronectiformes

Pleuronectidae	24	46.03%	0.65	0.014	44.55%Atheresthes stomias	46.12%	46.91%Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini	−0.03	0.89
Paralichthyidae	4	46.08%	1.09	0.024	44.86%Paralichthys dentatus	46.11%	47.22%Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus	–	–
Cynoglossidae	3	42.00%	4.13	0.098	39.59%Cynoglossus joyneri	39.65%	46.77%Symphurus plagiusa	–	–
Rhombosoleidae	2	44.79%	1.24	0.028	43.92%Pelotretis flavilatus	44.79%	45.67%Colistium nudipinnis	–	–
Achiridae	1	46.53%	–	–	46.53%Trinectes maculatus	46.53%	46.53%Trinectes maculatus	–	–
Scophthalmidae	1	44.22%	–	–	44.22%Scophthalmus maximus	44.22%	44.22%Scophthalmus maximus	–	–

Codon usage

Share of each codon in all 13 protein-coding genes, across Pleuronectiformes

Gene

Loading codon usage…

Every species, region by region

Each region's page lists the value of every species, with the same statistics by class, order or family and a CSV download.

Whole genome Protein-coding All rRNA All tRNA 12S rRNA 16S rRNA D-loop ND1 ND2 COX1 COX2 ATP8 ATP6 COX3 ND3 ND4L ND4 ND5 ND6 CYTB

Pleuronectiformes taxon page Plot GC content against GC skew All data downloads

The charts

Each chart draws the rows of the table under it, in the table's order: sort a column to reorder the chart.Chart sets its axis.
Distribution: the range (line), mean ± SD (bar), median (tick) and mean (dot). Lengths of the regions are on a log scale.
Variation: the coefficient of variation, or the SD for the skews, which vary around zero.
Lifespan r: r with its 95% confidence interval (Fisher z). Lifespan map: r of every parameter in every region at once, bold where the Benjamini–Hochberg q-value over the map is below 0.05.

What the numbers are

Species: species with the region annotated. SD is the sample standard deviation, CV = SD / mean.
Base percentages are over A + C + G + T, so GC % + AT % = 100. Skews are on the L strand as deposited in RefSeq: GC skew = (G − C) / (G + C), AT skew = (A − T) / (A + T).
Min and Max name the species with the extreme value.

Lifespan columns

r is the Pearson correlation of the parameter with log₁₀ maximum lifespan within the group (5 or more species), and p its two-tailed p-value, as on the original MitoAge. They are not corrected for multiple testing or for shared ancestry: the plot shows Benjamini–Hochberg q-values and phylogenetic contrasts.

The original site labelled the base columns with their complements, so its skews have the opposite sign. Seemethods.